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hda.gms : Synthesis: Hydrodealkylation of Toluene

The chemical plant performed the hydro-dealkylation of toluene
into benzene and methane. The flowsheet model was used to make
decisions on choosing between alternative process units at
various stages of the process. The resulting model is nonlinear
and mixed integer.
Reference:
Large Model of Type: MINLP
$title Synthesis: Hydrodealkylation of Toluene (HDA,SEQ=123) $Ontext The chemical plant performed the hydro-dealkylation of toluene into benzene and methane. The flowsheet model was used to make decisions on choosing between alternative process units at various stages of the process. The resulting model is nonlinear and mixed integer. Kocis, G R, and Grossmann, I E, Computational Experience with DICOPT Solving Minlp Problems in Process Synthesis. Computers and Chemical Engineering 13, 3 (1989), 307-315. ----------------- - process units - ----------------- absorber abs compressors comp distillation dist flash flsh furnace furn utility-stream exchangers hec & heh stream-stream exchanger exch membrane separator memb mixers (single inlet stream) mxr1 mixers mxr pump pump reactor rct splitters (single outlet stream) spl1 splitters spl expansion valve valve ----------------------- - process unit models - ----------------------- absorber kremser equation (douglas, page 431) neglect heat effects assume: pure solvent 33 % tray efficiency l / m g = 1.4 (benzene) fixed recoveries for h2 , ch4 , dip compressors isentropic compression of ideal gas (mccabe and smith, page 201) distillation rmin from underwood equation (douglas, page 441) r = 1.2 * rmin (heuristic) nmin from fenske equation (douglas, page 441) nt = 2 * nmin (gillilands approx.) (douglas, page 443) n = nt / efficiency expansion valve isentropic expansion of ideal gas (mccabe and smith, page 200) flash ideal flash (raoult's law) (mccabe and smith, page 484) furnace 50 % efficiency heat exchangers membrane separator shortcut method (driving force approximated as arithmetic mean) (grossmann, design notes) mixers (single inlet stream) linear model for heat & mass balances (kocis and grossmann, 1988) mixers nonlinear heat balance (kocis and grossmann, 1988) pump pout > pin reactor plug flow reactor 1. isothermal 2. adiabatic - use average temp splitters (single outlet stream) linear model for heat & mass balances (kocis and grossmann, 1988) splitters split fraction model (kocis and grossmann, 1988) $offtext scalars alpha compressor coefficient / 0.3665 / compeff compressor efficiency / 0.750 / gam ratio of cp to cv / 1.300 / abseff absorber tray efficiency / 0.333 / disteff column tray efficiency / 0.500 / uflow upper bound - flow logicals / 50 / upress upper bound - pressure logicals / 4.0 / utemp upper bound - temperature logicals / 7.0 / * want costs in units of $1000. per year costelec electricity cost ($340. per kw-yr) / 0.340 / costqc cooling cost ($700 per 1e9 kj) / 0.700 / costqh heating cost ($8000 per 1e9 kj) / 8.000 / costfuel fuel cost furnace ($4 per 1e6 btu) / 4.0 / $ontext user must fill in the data for the following sets to define the number of process streams, components, and process units $offtext sets str process streams / 1 * 35 , 37 * 73 / compon chemical components / h2 hydrogen ch4 methane ben benzene tol toluene dip diphenyl / abs absorber / 1 / comp compressors / 1 * 4 / dist distillation / 1 * 3 / flsh flash separators / 1 * 3 / furn furnace / 1 / hec cooling units / 1 * 2 / heh heating units / 1 * 4 / exch exchanger / 1 / memb membrane separators / 1 * 2 / mxr1 mixers (1 input stream) / 1 * 5 / mxr mixers / 1 * 5 / pump pump / 1 * 2 / rct reactors / 1 * 2 / spl1 splitters (1 input stream) / 1 * 6 / spl splitters / 1 * 3 / valve expansion valves / 1 * 6 / $ontext user must fill in the data for the following sets to define the input-output structure of the superstructure by defining which streams are input and/or output streams for the process units $offtext * ======================= * = = * = a b s o r b e r = * = = * ======================= ilabs(abs,str) abs-stream (inlet liquid) matches / 1.67 / olabs(abs,str) abs-stream (outlet liquid) matches / 1.68 / ivabs(abs,str) abs-stream (inlet vapor) matches / 1.63 / ovabs(abs,str) abs-stream (outlet vapor) matches / 1.64 / asolv(abs,compon) abs-solvent component matches / 1.tol / anorm(abs,compon) abs-comp matches (normal model) / 1.ben / asimp(abs,compon) abs-heavy component matches / 1.(h2,ch4,dip) / * =========================== * = = * = c o m p r e s s o r = * = = * =========================== icomp(comp,str) compressor-stream (inlet) matches / 1.5 , 2.59 , 3.64 , 4.56 / ocomp(comp,str) compressor-stream (outlet) matches / 1.6 , 2.60 , 3.65 , 4.57 / * =============================== * = = * = d i s t i l l a t i o n = * = = * =============================== idist(dist,str) dist-stream (inlet) matches / 1.25 , 2.30 , 3.33 / vdist(dist,str) dist-stream (vapor) matches / 1.26 , 2.31 , 3.34 / ldist(dist,str) dist-stream (liquid) matches / 1.27 , 2.32 , 3.35 / dl(dist,compon) dist-light components matches / 1.h2 , 2.ch4 , 3.ben / dlkey(dist,compon) dist-light key component matches / 1.ch4 , 2.ben , 3.tol / dhkey(dist,compon) dist-heavy key component matches / 1.ben , 2.tol , 3.dip / dh(dist,compon) dist-heavy components matches / 1.(tol,dip) , 2.dip / dkey(dist,compon) dist-key component matches ; dkey(dist,compon) = dlkey(dist,compon) + dhkey(dist,compon) ; * ================= * = = * = f l a s h = * = = * ================= sets iflsh(flsh,str) flsh-stream (inlet) matches / 1.17 , 2.46 , 3.39 / vflsh(flsh,str) flsh-stream (vapor) matches / 1.18 , 2.47 , 3.40 / lflsh(flsh,str) flsh-stream (liquid) matches / 1.19 , 2.48 , 3.41 / fkey(flsh,compon) flash-key component matches / 1.ch4 , 2.ch4 , 3.tol / * ======================= * = = * = f u r n a c e = * = = * ======================= ifurn(furn,str) furn-stream (inlet) matches / 1.70 / ofurn(furn,str) furn-stream (outlet) matches / 1.9 / * =================== * = = * = c o o l e r = * = = * =================== ihec(hec,str) hec-stream (inlet) matches / 1.71 , 2.45 / ohec(hec,str) hec-stream (outlet) matches / 1.17 , 2.46 / * =================== * = = * = h e a t e r = * = = * =================== iheh(heh,str) heh-stream (inlet) matches / 1.24 , 2.23 , 3.37 , 4.61 / oheh(heh,str) heh-stream (outlet) matches / 1.25 , 2.44 , 3.38 , 4.73 / * ========================= * = = * = e x c h a n g e r = * = = * ========================= icexch(exch,str) exch-cold stream (inlet) matches / 1.8 / ocexch(exch,str) exch-cold stream (outlet) matches / 1.70 / ihexch(exch,str) exch-hot stream (inlet) matches / 1.16 / ohexch(exch,str) exch-hot stream (outlet) matches / 1.71 / * ======================= * = = * = m e m b r a n e = * = = * ======================= imemb(memb,str) memb-stream (inlet) matches / 1.3 , 2.54 / nmemb(memb,str) memb-stream (non-permeate) matches / 1.4 , 2.55 / pmemb(memb,str) memb-stream (permeate) matches / 1.5 , 2.56 / mnorm(memb,compon) normal components / 1.(h2,ch4) , 2.(h2,ch4) / msimp(memb,compon) simplified flux components / 1.(ben,tol,dip) , 2.(ben,tol,dip) / * ================== * = = * = m i x e r = * = (single input) = * = = * ================== imxr1(mxr1,str) mixer-stream (inlet) matches / 1.(2,6) , 2.(11,13) , 3.(27,48) , 4.(34,40) , 5.(49,50) / omxr1(mxr1,str) mixer-stream (outlet) matches / 1.7 , 2.14 , 3.30 , 4.42 , 5.51 / mxr1spl1(mxr1,str,str) 1-mxr-inlet 1-spl-outlet matches / 1.(2.2,6.3) , 2.(11.10,13.12) , 3.(27.24,48.23) , 4.(34.33,40.37) , 5.(49.23,50.24) / * ================= * = = * = m i x e r = * = = * ================= imxr(mxr,str) mixer-stream (inlet) matches / 1.(7,43,66,72) , 2.(15,20) , 3.(21,69) , 4.(51,62) , 5.(57,60,65) / omxr(mxr,str) mixer-stream (outlet) matches / 1.8 , 2.16 , 3.22 , 4.63 , 5.72 / * =============== * = = * = p u m p = * = = * =============== ipump(pump,str) pump-stream (inlet) matches / 1.42 , 2.68 / opump(pump,str) pump-stream (outlet) matches / 1.43 , 2.69 / * ===================== * = = * = r e a c t o r = * = = * ===================== irct(rct,str) reactor-stream (inlet) matches / 1.10 , 2.12 / orct(rct,str) reactor-stream (outlet) matches / 1.11 , 2.13 / rkey(rct,compon) reactor-key component matches / 1.tol , 2.tol / * ======================= * = = * = s p l i t t e r = * = (single output) = * = = * ======================= ispl1(spl1,str) splitter-stream (inlet) matches / 1.1 , 2.9 , 3.22 , 4.32 , 5.52 , 6.58 / ospl1(spl1,str) splitter-stream (outlet) matches / 1.(2,3) , 2.(10,12) , 3.(23,24) , 4.(33,37) , 5.(53,54) , 6.(59,61) / * ======================= * = = * = s p l i t t e r = * = = * ======================= ispl(spl,str) splitter-stream (inlet) matches / 1.19 , 2.18 , 3.26 / ospl(spl,str) splitter-stream (outlet) matches / 1.(20,21) , 2.(52,58) , 3.(28,29) / * ========================= * = = * = e x p v a l v e = * = = * ========================= ival(valve,str) exp.valve-stream (inlet) matches / 1.44 , 2.38 , 3.14 , 4.47 , 5.29 , 6.73 / oval(valve,str) exp.valve-stream (outlet) matches / 1.45 , 2.39 , 3.15 , 4.49 , 5.50 , 6.62 / alias (str , str2) , (compon , compon2) ; $ontext heat capacities for pure components ( kj per kg-mol k ) - vapor liquid h2 30 ch4 40 ben & tol 220 230 dip 440 460 ( h2 , ch4 , and tol vapor values from douglas tol liquid value from mccabe and smith ben liquid and vapor values assumed the same as tol dip liquid and vapor values assumed 2 times ben i.e. molecular weight of dip = 2 * ben ) approximate bulk stream cp by guessing a stream composition and calculating a weighted average. heat of vaporization of toluene taken from reid , prausnitz & sherwood 30890 kj per kg-mole ( same value assumed for ben if needed ) $offtext parameter heatvap(compon) heat of vaporization (kj per kg-mol) ; heatvap('tol') = 30890. ; parameter cppure(compon) pure component heat capacities / h2 = 30 , ch4 = 40 , ben = 225 , tol = 225 , dip = 450 / ; parameter cp(str) heat capacities ( kj per kgmole-k) ; table gcomp(str,compon) guess composition values h2 ch4 ben tol dip 7 0.95 0.05 8 0.50 0.40 0.10 9 0.50 0.40 0.10 10 0.50 0.40 0.10 11 0.45 0.45 0.05 0.05 12 0.50 0.40 0.10 13 0.45 0.45 0.05 0.05 14 0.45 0.45 0.05 0.05 15 0.45 0.45 0.05 0.05 16 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.10 17 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.10 20 0.03 0.07 0.55 0.35 21 0.03 0.07 0.55 0.35 22 0.03 0.07 0.55 0.35 24 0.03 0.07 0.55 0.35 25 0.03 0.07 0.55 0.35 37 1.00 38 1.00 43 0.05 0.95 44 0.03 0.07 0.55 0.35 45 0.03 0.07 0.55 0.35 46 0.03 0.07 0.55 0.35 51 0.30 0.70 57 0.80 0.20 60 0.50 0.50 62 0.50 0.50 * Line for stream 63 estimated by Adrud based on Mixer data 63 0.47 0.40 0.01 0.12 65 0.50 0.50 66 1.00 69 1.00 70 0.50 0.40 0.10 71 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.10 72 0.50 0.50 ; cp(str) = sum( compon , cppure(compon) * gcomp(str,compon) ) ; display cp ; parameter anta(compon) antoine coefficient / h2 = 13.6333 , ch4 = 15.2243 , ben = 15.9008 , tol = 16.0137 , dip = 16.6832 / antb(compon) antoine coefficient / h2 = 164.9 , ch4 = 897.84 , ben = 2788.51 , tol = 3096.52 , dip = 4602.23 / antc(compon) antoine coefficient / h2 = 3.19 , ch4 = -7.16 , ben = -52.36 , tol = -53.67 , dip = -70.42 / parameter perm(compon) permeability / h2 = 55.0e-06 , ch4 = 2.3e-06 / cbeta(compon) constant values (exp(beta)) in absorber / h2 = 1.0003 , ch4 = 1.0008 , dip = 1.0e+04 / aabs(compon) absorption factors / ben = 1.4 , tol = 4.0 / ; $ontext aabs(ben) fixed at 1.4 (hueristic) and aabs(tol) calculated as: aabs(ben) * vp(tol) / vp(ben) at t=3.0 (temperature of absorber) ---> 4.0 $offtext $ontext units: cc (stp) / cm**2 - sec - cm hg vol / area - time - pressure 1 g-mol = 22.4 l = 22.4 * 1000 cc 1000 g-mol = 1 kg-mole 1 m**2 = ( 100 cm )**2 = 1.0e+04 cm**2 76 cm hg = 1 atm = 0.101325 mpa ---> 750.062 cm hg = 1 mpa 60 sec = 1 min convert units to: kg-mol / m**2 - min - mpa 1 psia = 6.894757e+03 pa = 6.894757e-03 mpa $offtext perm(compon) = perm(compon) * ( 1. / 22400. ) * 1.0e+04 * 750.062 * 60. / 1000. ; scalar eps1 small number to avoid div. by zero / 1.e-04 / ; parameter heatrxn(rct) heat of reaction (kj per kg-mol) / 1 = 50100. , 2 = 50100. / f1comp(compon) feedstock compositions (h2 feed) / h2 = 0.95 , ch4 = 0.05 , ben = 0.00 , tol = 0.00 , dip = 0.00 / f66comp(compon) feedstock compositions (tol feed) / h2 = 0.00 , ch4 = 0.00 , ben = 0.00 , tol = 1.00 , dip = 0.00 / f67comp(compon) feedstock compositions (tol feed) / h2 = 0.00 , ch4 = 0.00 , ben = 0.00 , tol = 1.00 , dip = 0.00 / $ontext reaction: tol + h2 ---> ben + ch4 (desired) 2 ben ---> dip + h2 (undesired) $offtext * ======================= * = = * = a b s o r b e r = * = = * ======================= positive variables nabs(abs) number of absorber trays ; variables gamma(abs,compon) beta(abs,compon) * =========================== * = = * = c o m p r e s s o r = * = = * =========================== positive variables elec(comp) electricity requirement (kw) presrat(comp) ratio of outlet to inlet pressure * =============================== * = = * = d i s t i l l a t i o n = * = = * =============================== nmin(dist) minimum number of trays in column ndist(dist) number of trays in column rmin(dist) minimum reflux ratio reflux(dist) reflux ratio distp(dist) column pressure distt(dist) column temperature avevlt(dist) average volatility * ================= * = = * = f l a s h = * = = * ================= flsht(flsh) flash temperature (100 k) flshp(flsh) flash pressure (mega-pascal) eflsh(flsh,compon) vapor phase recovery in flash * ======================= * = = * = f u r n a c e = * = = * ======================= qfuel(furn) heating requied (1.e+12 kj per yr) * =================== * = = * = c o o l e r = * = = * =================== qc(hec) utility requirement (1.e+12 kj per yr) * =================== * = = * = h e a t e r = * = = * =================== qh(heh) utility requirement (1.e+12 kj per yr) * ========================= * = = * = e x c h a n g e r = * = = * ========================= qexch(exch) heat exchanged (1.e+12 kj per yr) * ======================= * = = * = m e m b r a n e = * = = * ======================= a(memb) surface area for mass transfer ( m**2 ) * ================= * = = * = m i x e r = * = (1 input) = * = = * ================= mxr1t(mxr1) mixer temperature (100 k) mxr1p(mxr1) mixer pressure (m-pa) * ================= * = = * = m i x e r = * = = * ================= mxrt(mxr) mixer temperature (100 k) mxrp(mxr) mixer pressure (m-pa) * =============== * = = * = p u m p = * = = * =============== * ===================== * = = * = r e a c t o r = * = = * ===================== rctt(rct) reactor temperature (100 k) rctp(rct) reactor pressure (m-pa) rctvol(rct) reactor volume (cubic meter) krct(rct) rate constant conv(rct,compon) conversion of key component sel(rct) selectivity to benzene consum(rct,compon) consumption rate of key q(rct) heat removed (1.e+9 kj per yr) * ======================= * = = * = s p l i t t e r = * = (1 output) = * = = * ======================= spl1t(spl1) splitter temperature (100 k) spl1p(spl1) splitter pressure (m-pa) * ======================= * = = * = s p l i t t e r = * = = * ======================= splt(spl) splitter temperature (100 k) splp(spl) splitter pressure (m-pa) * ===================== * = = * = s t r e a m s = * = = * ===================== vp(str,compon) vapor pressure (mega-pascal) e(str) split fraction f(str) stream flowrates (kg-mole per min) fc(str,compon) component flowrates (kg-mole per min) p(str) stream pressure (mega_pascal) t(str) stream temperature (100 k) binary variable *positive variable y(str) binary variable variable const constant term in obj fcn profit overall profit ($1000 per year) ; * ======================= * = = * = a b s o r b e r = * = = * ======================= equations absfact(abs,compon) absorbption factor equation gameqn(abs,compon) definition of gamma betaeqn(abs,compon) definition of beta abssvrec(abs,compon) recovery of solvent absrec(abs,compon) recovery of non-solvent abssimp(abs,compon) recovery of simplified components abscmb(abs,compon) overall component mass balance abslogc logical constraint abspl(abs) pressure relation for liquid abstl(abs) temperature relation for liquid abspv(abs) pressure relation for vapor absp(abs) pressure relation for inlets abst(abs) temperature relation at top ; absfact(abs,compon) $ anorm(abs,compon) .. sum( str $ ilabs(abs,str) , f(str) * p(str) ) =e= sum( str $ ivabs(abs,str) , f(str) ) * aabs(compon) * sum( str $ ilabs(abs,str) , vp.l(str,compon) ) ; gameqn(abs,compon) $ asolv(abs,compon) .. gamma(abs,compon) =e= log( ( 1 - aabs(compon) ** ( nabs(abs) * abseff + eps1 ) ) / ( 1 - aabs(compon) ) ) ; betaeqn(abs,compon) $ ( not asimp(abs,compon) ) .. beta(abs,compon) =e= log( ( 1 - aabs(compon) ** ( ( nabs(abs) * abseff ) + 1 ) ) / ( 1 - aabs(compon) ) ) ; abssvrec(abs,compon) $ asolv(abs,compon) .. sum( str $ ovabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) * exp( beta(abs,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ ivabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) + exp( gamma(abs,compon) ) * sum( str $ ilabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; absrec(abs,compon) $ anorm(abs,compon) .. sum( str $ ovabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) * exp( beta(abs,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ ivabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; abssimp(abs,compon) $ asimp(abs,compon) .. sum( str $ ovabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ ivabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) / cbeta(compon) ; abscmb(abs,compon).. sum( str $ ilabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) + sum( str $ ivabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ olabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) + sum( str $ ovabs(abs,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; abslogc.. f('63') + f('67') =l= 25. * y('63') ; abspl(abs).. sum( str $ ilabs(abs,str) , p(str) ) =e= sum( str $ olabs(abs,str) , p(str) ) ; abstl(abs).. sum( str $ ilabs(abs,str) , t(str) ) =e= sum( str $ olabs(abs,str) , t(str) ) ; abspv(abs).. sum( str $ ivabs(abs,str) , p(str) ) =e= sum( str $ ovabs(abs,str) , p(str) ) ; absp(abs).. sum( str $ ilabs(abs,str) , p(str) ) =e= sum( str $ ivabs(abs,str) , p(str) ) ; abst(abs).. sum( str $ ilabs(abs,str) , t(str) ) =e= sum( str $ ovabs(abs,str) , t(str) ) ; * =========================== * = = * = c o m p r e s s o r = * = = * =========================== equations compcmb(comp,compon) component balance for compressor comphb(comp) heat balance for compressor compelec(comp) energy balance for compressor ratio(comp) pressure ratio (out to in) ; compcmb(comp,compon).. sum( str $ ocomp(comp,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ icomp(comp,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; comphb(comp).. sum( str $ ocomp(comp,str) , t(str) ) =e= presrat(comp) * sum( str $ icomp(comp,str) , t(str) ) ; compelec(comp).. elec(comp) =e= alpha * ( presrat(comp) - 1) * sum( str $ icomp(comp,str) , 100. * t(str) * f(str) / 60. ) * (1 / compeff) * ( gam / ( gam - 1. ) ) ; ratio(comp).. presrat(comp) ** ( gam / ( gam - 1. ) ) =e= sum( str $ ocomp(comp,str) , p(str) ) / sum( str $ icomp(comp,str) , p(str) ) ; * =============================== * = = * = d i s t i l l a t i o n = * = = * =============================== equations distcmb(dist,compon) component mass balance antdistb(dist,str,compon) vapor pressure correlation (bot) antdistt(dist,str,compon) vapor pressure correlation (top) relvol(dist) average relative volatilty undwood(dist) minimum reflux ratio equation actreflux(dist) actual reflux ratio fenske(dist) minimum number of trays acttray(dist) actual number of trays distspec(dist,str,compon) recovery specification distheav(dist,compon) heavy components distlite(dist,compon) light components distpi(dist,str) inlet pressure relation distvpl(dist,str) bottom vapor pressure relation distvpv(dist,str) top vapor pressure relation distpl(dist,str) outlet pressure relation(liquid) distpv(dist,str) outlet pressure relation(vapor) ; distcmb(dist,compon).. sum( str $ idist(dist,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ vdist(dist,str) , fc(str,compon) ) + sum( str $ ldist(dist,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; antdistb(dist,str,compon) $ ( ldist(dist,str) $ dkey(dist,compon) ).. log( vp(str,compon) * 7500.6168 ) =e= anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t(str) * 100. + antc(compon) ) ; antdistt(dist,str,compon) $ ( vdist(dist,str) $ dkey(dist,compon) ).. log( vp(str,compon) * 7500.6168 ) =e= anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t(str) * 100. + antc(compon) ) ; relvol(dist).. avevlt(dist) =e= sqrt( sum( str $ ldist(dist,str) , sum( compon $ dlkey(dist,compon) , vp(str,compon) ) / sum( compon $ dhkey(dist,compon) , vp(str,compon) ) ) * sum( str $ vdist(dist,str) , sum( compon $ dlkey(dist,compon) , vp(str,compon) ) / sum( compon $ dhkey(dist,compon) , vp(str,compon) ) ) ) ; undwood(dist).. sum( str $ idist(dist,str) , sum( compon $ dlkey(dist,compon) , fc(str,compon) ) ) * rmin(dist) * ( avevlt(dist) - 1 ) =e= sum( str $ idist(dist,str) , sum( compon $ dlkey(dist,compon) , f(str) ) ) ; actreflux(dist).. reflux(dist) =e= 1.2 * rmin(dist) ; fenske(dist).. nmin(dist) * log( avevlt(dist) ) =e= log( sum( str $ vdist(dist,str) , sum( compon $ dhkey(dist,compon) , ( f(str) + eps1 ) / ( fc(str,compon) + eps1 ) ) ) * sum( str $ ldist(dist,str) , sum( compon $ dlkey(dist,compon) , ( f(str) + eps1 ) / ( fc(str,compon) + eps1 ) ) ) ) ; acttray(dist).. ndist(dist) =e= nmin(dist) * 2. / disteff ; distspec(dist,str,compon) $ ( vdist(dist,str) $ dhkey(dist,compon) ) .. fc(str,compon) =l= 0.05 * sum( str2 $ idist(dist,str2) , fc(str2,compon) ) ; distheav(dist,compon) $ dh(dist,compon) .. sum(str $ idist(dist,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum(str $ ldist(dist,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; distlite(dist,compon) $ dl(dist,compon) .. sum(str $ idist(dist,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum(str $ vdist(dist,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; distpi(dist,str) $ idist(dist,str).. distp(dist) =l= p(str) ; distvpl(dist,str) $ ldist(dist,str).. distp(dist) =e= sum( compon $ dhkey(dist,compon) , vp(str,compon) ) ; distvpv(dist,str) $ ( (ord(dist) ne 1) $ vdist(dist,str) ) .. distp(dist) =e= sum( compon $ dlkey(dist,compon) , vp(str,compon) ) ; distpl(dist,str) $ ldist(dist,str).. distp(dist) =e= p(str) ; distpv(dist,str) $ vdist(dist,str) .. distp(dist) =e= p(str) ; * ================= * = = * = f l a s h = * = = * ================= equations flshcmb(flsh,compon) component mass balance flshpr(flsh,str) flash pressure relation flshpi(flsh,str) inlet pressure relation flshpl(flsh,str) outlet pressure relation(liquid) flshpv(flsh,str) outlet pressure relation(vapor) flshti(flsh,str) inlet temp. relation flshtl(flsh,str) outlet temp. relation(liquid) flshtv(flsh,str) outlet temp. relation(vapor) flshrec(flsh,str,compon) vapor recovery relation flsheql(flsh,compon) equilibrium relation antflsh(flsh,str,compon) vapor pressure correlation ; flshcmb(flsh,compon).. sum( str $ iflsh(flsh,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ vflsh(flsh,str) , fc(str,compon) ) + sum( str $ lflsh(flsh,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; antflsh(flsh,str,compon) $ lflsh(flsh,str) .. log( vp(str,compon) * 7500.6168 ) =e= anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t(str) * 100. + antc(compon) ) ; flshrec(flsh,str,compon) $ lflsh(flsh,str) .. sum( compon2 $ fkey(flsh,compon2) , eflsh(flsh,compon2) ) * ( eflsh(flsh,compon) * sum( compon2 $ fkey(flsh,compon2) , vp(str,compon2) ) + ( 1. - eflsh(flsh,compon) ) * vp(str,compon) ) =e= sum( compon2 $ fkey(flsh,compon2) , vp(str,compon2) ) * eflsh(flsh,compon) ; flsheql(flsh,compon).. sum( str $ vflsh(flsh,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ iflsh(flsh,str) , fc(str,compon) ) * eflsh(flsh,compon) ; flshpr(flsh,str) $ lflsh(flsh,str) .. flshp(flsh) * f(str) =e= sum( compon , vp(str,compon) * fc(str,compon) ) ; flshpi(flsh,str) $ iflsh(flsh,str).. flshp(flsh) =e= p(str) ; flshpl(flsh,str) $ lflsh(flsh,str).. flshp(flsh) =e= p(str) ; flshpv(flsh,str) $ vflsh(flsh,str).. flshp(flsh) =e= p(str) ; flshti(flsh,str) $ iflsh(flsh,str).. flsht(flsh) =e= t(str) ; flshtl(flsh,str) $ lflsh(flsh,str).. flsht(flsh) =e= t(str) ; flshtv(flsh,str) $ vflsh(flsh,str).. flsht(flsh) =e= t(str) ; * ======================= * = = * = f u r n a c e = * = = * ======================= equations furnhb(furn) heat balance furncmb(furn,compon) component mass balance furnp(furn) pressure relation ; furnhb(furn).. qfuel(furn) =e= ( sum( str $ ofurn(furn,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * 100. * t(str) ) - sum( str $ ifurn(furn,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * 100. * t(str) ) ) * 3600. * 8500. * 1.0e-12 / 60. ; furncmb(furn,compon).. sum( str $ ofurn(furn,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ ifurn(furn,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; furnp(furn).. sum( str $ ofurn(furn,str) , p(str) ) =e= sum( str $ ifurn(furn,str) , p(str) ) - 0.4826 ; * =================== * = = * = c o o l e r = * = = * =================== equations heccmb(hec,compon) component balance in cooler hechb(hec) heat balance for cooler hecp(hec) no pressure drop thru cooler ; heccmb(hec,compon).. sum( str $ ohec(hec,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ ihec(hec,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; hechb(hec).. qc(hec) =e= ( sum( str $ ihec(hec,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * 100. * t(str) ) - sum( str $ ohec(hec,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * 100. * t(str) ) ) * 3600. * 8500. * 1.0e-12 / 60. ; hecp(hec).. sum( str $ ihec(hec,str) , p(str) ) =e= sum( str $ ohec(hec,str) , p(str) ) ; * =================== * = = * = h e a t e r = * = = * =================== equations hehcmb(heh,compon) component balance in heater hehhb(heh) heat balance for heater hehp(heh) no pressure drop thru heater ; hehcmb(heh,compon).. sum( str $ oheh(heh,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ iheh(heh,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; hehhb(heh).. qh(heh) =e= ( sum( str $ oheh(heh,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * 100. * t(str) ) - sum( str $ iheh(heh,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * 100. * t(str) ) ) * 3600. * 8500. * 1.0e-12 / 60. ; hehp(heh).. sum( str $ iheh(heh,str) , p(str) ) =e= sum( str $ oheh(heh,str) , p(str) ) ; * ========================= * = = * = e x c h a n g e r = * = = * ========================= equations exchcmbc(exch,compon) component balance (cold) exchcmbh(exch,compon) component balance (hot) exchhbc(exch) heat balance for cold stream exchhbh(exch) heat balance for hot stream exchdtm1(exch) delta t min condition exchdtm2(exch) delta t min condition exchpc(exch) pressure relation (cold) exchph(exch) pressure relation (hot) ; exchcmbc(exch,compon).. sum( str $ ocexch(exch,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ icexch(exch,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; exchcmbh(exch,compon).. sum( str $ ohexch(exch,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ ihexch(exch,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; exchhbc(exch).. qexch(exch) =e= ( sum( str $ ocexch(exch,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * 100. * t(str) ) - sum( str $ icexch(exch,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * 100. * t(str) ) ) * 3600. * 8500. * 1.0e-12 / 60. ; exchhbh(exch).. qexch(exch) =e= ( sum( str $ ihexch(exch,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * 100. * t(str) ) - sum( str $ ohexch(exch,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * 100. * t(str) ) ) * 3600. * 8500. * 1.0e-12 / 60. ; exchdtm1(exch).. sum( str $ ohexch(exch,str) , t(str) ) =g= sum( str $ icexch(exch,str) , t(str) ) + 0.25 ; exchdtm2(exch).. sum( str $ ocexch(exch,str) , t(str) ) =l= sum( str $ ihexch(exch,str) , t(str) ) - 0.25 ; exchpc(exch).. sum( str $ ocexch(exch,str) , p(str) ) =e= sum( str $ icexch(exch,str) , p(str) ) ; exchph(exch).. sum( str $ ohexch(exch,str) , p(str) ) =e= sum( str $ ihexch(exch,str) , p(str) ) ; * ======================= * = = * = m e m b r a n e = * = = * ======================= equations memcmb(memb,str,compon) component mass balance flux(memb,str,compon) mass flux relation simp(memb,str,compon) mass flux relation (simplified) memtp(memb,str) temp relation for permeate mempp(memb,str) pressure relation for permeate memtn(memb,str) temp relation for non-permeate mempn(memb,str) pressure relation for non-permeate rec(memb,str) recovery spec pure(memb,str) purity spec ; memcmb(memb,str,compon) $ imemb(memb,str) .. fc(str,compon) =e= sum( str2 $ pmemb(memb,str2) , fc(str2,compon) ) + sum( str2 $ nmemb(memb,str2) , fc(str2,compon) ) ; flux(memb,str,compon) $ ( pmemb(memb,str) $ mnorm(memb,compon) ) .. fc(str,compon) =e= a(memb) * perm(compon) / 2.0 * ( sum( str2 $ imemb(memb,str2) , p(str2) ) * ( sum( str2 $ imemb(memb,str2) , ( fc(str2,compon) + eps1 ) / ( f(str2) + eps1 ) ) + sum( str2 $ nmemb(memb,str2) , ( fc(str2,compon) + eps1 ) / ( f(str2) + eps1 ) ) ) - 2. * p(str) * ( fc(str,compon) + eps1 ) / ( f(str) + eps1) ) ; simp(memb,str,compon) $ ( pmemb(memb,str) $ msimp(memb,compon) ) .. fc(str,compon) =e= 0.0 ; memtp(memb,str) $ pmemb(memb,str) .. t(str) =e= sum( str2 $ imemb(memb,str2) , t(str2) ) ; mempp(memb,str) $ pmemb(memb,str) .. p(str) =l= sum( str2 $ imemb(memb,str2) , p(str2) ) ; memtn(memb,str) $ nmemb(memb,str) .. t(str) =e= sum( str2 $ imemb(memb,str2) , t(str2) ) ; mempn(memb,str) $ nmemb(memb,str) .. p(str) =e= sum( str2 $ imemb(memb,str2) , p(str2) ) ; rec(memb,str) $ pmemb(memb,str) .. fc(str,'h2') =g= 0.50 * sum( str2 $ imemb(memb,str2) , fc(str2,'h2') ) ; pure(memb,str) $ pmemb(memb,str) .. fc(str,'h2') =g= 0.50 * f(str) ; * ================== * = = * = m i x e r = * = (single input) = * = = * ================== equations mxr1cmb(mxr1,str,compon) component balance in mixer mxr1hbl(mxr1,str) heat balance in mixer (ls than) mxr1hbg(mxr1,str) heat balance in mixer (grt than) mxr1pl(mxr1,str) pressure relation (less than) mxr1pg(mxr1,str) pressure relation (greater than) ; mxr1cmb(mxr1,str,compon) $ omxr1(mxr1,str) .. fc(str,compon) =e= sum( str2 $ imxr1(mxr1,str2) , fc(str2,compon) ) ; mxr1hbl(mxr1,str) $ imxr1(mxr1,str) .. sum( str2 $ omxr1(mxr1,str2) , t(str2) ) =l= t(str) + utemp * sum( str2 $ mxr1spl1(mxr1,str,str2) , (1 - y(str2)) ) ; mxr1hbg(mxr1,str) $ imxr1(mxr1,str) .. sum( str2 $ omxr1(mxr1,str2) , t(str2) ) =g= t(str) - utemp * sum( str2 $ mxr1spl1(mxr1,str,str2) , (1 - y(str2)) ) ; mxr1pl(mxr1,str) $ imxr1(mxr1,str) .. sum( str2 $ omxr1(mxr1,str2) , p(str2) ) =l= p(str) + upress * sum( str2 $ mxr1spl1(mxr1,str,str2) , (1 - y(str2)) ) ; mxr1pg(mxr1,str) $ imxr1(mxr1,str) .. sum( str2 $ omxr1(mxr1,str2) , p(str2) ) =g= p(str) - upress * sum( str2 $ mxr1spl1(mxr1,str,str2) , (1 - y(str2)) ) ; * ================= * = = * = m i x e r = * = = * ================= equations mxrcmb(mxr,compon) component balance in mixer mxrhb(mxr) heat balance in mixer mxrhbq(mxr) heat balance in quench mxrpi(mxr,str) inlet pressure relation mxrpo(mxr,str) outlet pressure relation ; mxrcmb(mxr,compon).. sum( str $ omxr(mxr,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ imxr(mxr,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; mxrhb(mxr) $ ( ord(mxr) ne 2 ) .. sum( str $ imxr(mxr,str) , f(str) * t(str) * cp(str) ) =e= sum( str $ omxr(mxr,str) , f(str) * t(str) * cp(str) ) ; mxrhbq(mxr) $ ( ord(mxr) eq 2 ) .. f('16') * t('16') =e= f('15') * t('15') - ( fc('20','ben') + fc('20','tol') ) * heatvap('tol') / ( 100. * cp('15') ) ; mxrpi(mxr,str) $ imxr(mxr,str).. mxrp(mxr) =e= p(str) ; mxrpo(mxr,str) $ omxr(mxr,str).. mxrp(mxr) =e= p(str) ; * =============== * = = * = p u m p = * = = * =============== equations pumpcmb(pump,compon) component balance pumphb(pump) heat balance pumppr(pump) pressure relation ; pumpcmb(pump,compon).. sum( str $ opump(pump,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ ipump(pump,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; pumphb(pump).. sum( str $ opump(pump,str) , t(str) ) =e= sum( str $ ipump(pump,str) , t(str) ) ; pumppr(pump).. sum( str $ opump(pump,str) , p(str) ) =g= sum( str $ ipump(pump,str) , p(str) ) ; * ===================== * = = * = r e a c t o r = * = = * ===================== equations rctspec(rct,str) spec. on reactor feed stream rxnrate(rct) reaction rate constant rctconv(rct,str,compon) conversion of key component rctsel(rct) selectivity to benzene rctcns(rct,str,compon) consumption rate of key comp. rctmbtol(rct) mass balance in reactor (tol) rctmbben(rct) mass balance in reactor (ben) rctmbdip(rct) mass balance in reactor (dip) rctmbh2(rct) mass balance in reactor (h2) rctmbch4(rct) mass balance in reactor (ch4) rcthbadb(rct) heat balance (adiabatic) rcthbiso(rct) heat balance (isothermal) rctisot(rct) temp relation (isothermal) rctpi(rct,str) inlet pressure relation rctpo(rct,str) outlet pressure relation rcttave(rct) average temperature relation ; rctspec(rct,str) $ irct(rct,str) .. fc(str,'h2') =g= 5. * ( fc(str,'ben') + fc(str,'tol') + fc(str,'dip') ) ; rxnrate(rct).. krct(rct) =e= 6.3e+10 * exp( -26167. / ( rctt(rct) * 100. ) ) ; rctconv(rct,str,compon) $ ( rkey(rct,compon) $ irct(rct,str) ) .. 1. - conv(rct,compon) =e= sqr( 1. / ( 1. + 0.372 * krct(rct) * rctvol(rct) * sqrt( fc(str,compon) / 60 + eps1 ) * ( f(str) / 60. + eps1 ) ** (-3./2.) ) ) ; rctsel(rct).. ( 1. - sel(rct) ) =e= 0.0036 * ( 1. - conv(rct,'tol') ) ** (-1.544) ; rctcns(rct,str,compon) $ ( rkey(rct,compon) $ irct(rct,str) ) .. consum(rct,compon) =e= conv(rct,compon) * fc(str,compon) ; rctmbtol(rct).. sum( str $ orct(rct,str) , fc(str,'tol') ) =e= sum( str $ irct(rct,str) , fc(str,'tol') ) - consum( rct,'tol') ; rctmbben(rct).. sum( str $ orct(rct,str) , fc(str,'ben') ) =e= sum( str $ irct(rct,str) , fc(str,'ben') ) + consum( rct,'tol' ) * sel(rct) ; rctmbdip(rct).. sum( str $ orct(rct,str) , fc(str,'dip') ) =e= sum( str $ irct(rct,str) , fc(str,'dip') ) + consum( rct,'tol' ) * 0.5 + ( sum( str $ irct(rct,str) , fc(str,'ben') ) - sum( str $ orct(rct,str) , fc(str,'ben') ) ) * 0.5 ; rctmbh2(rct).. sum( str $ orct(rct,str) , fc(str,'h2') ) =e= sum( str $ irct(rct,str) , fc(str,'h2') ) - consum( rct,'tol' ) + sum( str $ orct(rct,str) , fc(str,'dip') ) - sum( str $ irct(rct,str) , fc(str,'dip') ) ; rctmbch4(rct).. sum( str $ orct(rct,str) , fc(str,'ch4') ) =e= sum( str $ irct(rct,str) , fc(str,'ch4') ) + consum( rct,'tol' ) ; rcthbadb(rct) $ ( ord(rct) eq 1) .. heatrxn(rct) * consum(rct,'tol') / 100. =e= sum( str $ orct(rct,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * t(str) ) - sum( str $ irct(rct,str) , cp(str) * f(str) * t(str) ) ; rcthbiso(rct) $ ( ord(rct) eq 2 ) .. heatrxn(rct) * consum(rct,'tol') * 60. * 8500 * 1.0e-09 =e= q(rct) ; rctisot(rct) $ ( ord(rct) eq 2 ) .. sum( str $ orct(rct,str) , t(str) ) =e= sum( str $ irct(rct,str) , t(str) ) ; rctpi(rct,str) $ irct(rct,str).. rctp(rct) =e= p(str) ; rctpo(rct,str) $ orct(rct,str).. p(str) =e= rctp(rct) - 0.20684 ; rcttave(rct).. rctt(rct) =e= ( sum( str $ irct(rct,str) , t(str) ) + sum( str $ orct(rct,str) , t(str) ) ) / 2. ; * ======================= * = = * = s p l i t t e r = * = (single output) = * = = * ======================= equations spl1logc(spl1,str) splitter logical constraint spl1ysum(spl1) single choice spl1cmb(spl1,compon) component balance in splitter spl1pi(spl1,str) inlet pressure relation spl1po(spl1,str) outlet pressure relation spl1ti(spl1,str) inlet temperature relation spl1to(spl1,str) outlet temperature relation ; spl1logc(spl1,str) $ ospl1(spl1,str) .. f(str) =l= uflow * y(str) ; spl1ysum(spl1).. sum( str $ ospl1(spl1,str) , y(str) ) =e= 1 ; spl1cmb(spl1,compon).. sum( str $ ospl1(spl1,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ ispl1(spl1,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; spl1pi(spl1,str) $ ispl1(spl1,str).. spl1p(spl1) =e= p(str) ; spl1po(spl1,str) $ ospl1(spl1,str).. spl1p(spl1) =e= p(str) ; spl1ti(spl1,str) $ ispl1(spl1,str).. spl1t(spl1) =e= t(str) ; spl1to(spl1,str) $ ospl1(spl1,str).. spl1t(spl1) =e= t(str) ; * ======================= * = = * = s p l i t t e r = * = = * ======================= equations splcmb(spl,str,compon) component balance in splitter esum(spl) split fraction relation splpi(spl,str) inlet pressure relation splpo(spl,str) outlet pressure relation splti(spl,str) inlet temperature relation splto(spl,str) outlet temperature relation ; splcmb(spl,str,compon) $ ospl(spl,str).. fc(str,compon) =e= sum( str2 $ ispl(spl,str2) , fc(str2,compon) * e(str) ) ; esum(spl).. sum( str $ ospl(spl,str) , e(str) ) =e= 1.0 ; splpi(spl,str) $ ispl(spl,str).. splp(spl) =e= p(str) ; splpo(spl,str) $ ospl(spl,str).. splp(spl) =e= p(str) ; splti(spl,str) $ ispl(spl,str).. splt(spl) =e= t(str) ; splto(spl,str) $ ospl(spl,str).. splt(spl) =e= t(str) ; * ========================== * = = * = e x p v a l v e = * = = * ========================== equations valcmb(valve,compon) component mass balance valt(valve) temperature relation valp(valve) pressure relation ; valcmb(valve,compon).. sum( str $ oval(valve,str) , fc(str,compon) ) =e= sum( str $ ival(valve,str) , fc(str,compon) ) ; valt(valve).. sum( str $ oval(valve,str) , t(str) / ( p(str) ** ( ( gam - 1. ) / gam ) ) ) =e= sum( str $ ival(valve,str) , t(str) / ( p(str) ** ( ( gam - 1. ) / gam ) ) ) ; valp(valve).. sum( str $ oval(valve,str) , p(str) ) =l= sum( str $ ival(valve,str) , p(str) ) ; * =================== * = = * = s t r e a m = * = = * =================== equations h2feed(compon) define h2 feed component flows tolfeed(compon) define tol feed component flows tolabs(compon) define tol absorber compon flows specrec spec on h2 recycle specprod spec on ben product fbal(str) stream flow = sum of comp. flows ; specrec.. fc('72','h2') =g= 0.5 * f('72') ; specprod.. fc('31','ben') =g= 0.9997 * f('31') ; fbal(str).. f(str) =e= sum( compon, fc(str,compon) ) ; h2feed(compon).. fc('1',compon) =e= f('1') * f1comp(compon) ; tolfeed(compon).. fc('66',compon) =e= f('66') * f66comp(compon) ; tolabs(compon).. fc('67',compon) =e= f('67') * f67comp(compon) ; * ========================= * = = * = o b j e c t i v e = * = = * ========================= equations abound fake bound on a(1) obj cost function definition ; abound.. a('1') =g= 0.0 ; obj.. profit =e= 510. * ( - 2.5 * f('1') - 14. * ( f('66') + f('67') ) + 19.9 * f('31') + 11.84 * f('35') + 1.08 * ( fc('4','h2') + fc('28','h2') + fc('53','h2') + fc('55','h2') ) + 3.37 * ( fc('4','ch4') + fc('28','ch4') + fc('53','ch4') + fc('55','ch4') ) ) - 0.815 * ( elec('1') + elec('2') + elec('3') ) - 0.887 * elec('4') - 7.155 * ( y('3') + y('59') + y('63') ) - 4.866 * y('54') - sum( comp , costelec * elec(comp) ) - ( 74.3 * y('10') + 1.257 * rctvol('1') ) - 1.25 * ( 74.3 * y('12') + 1.257 * rctvol('2') ) - 0.7 * q('2') - ( 1.126 * y('24') + 0.375 * ndist('1') ) - ( + 1.55 * ndist('2') ) - ( 3.9 * y('33') + 1.12 * ndist('3') ) - ( 43.24 * y('3') + 49.0 * f('3') ) - ( 43.24 * y('54') + 49.0 * f('54') ) - ( 3.0 * y('63') + 1.2 * nabs('1') ) - ( + 1171.7 * qfuel('1') + 4000. * qfuel('1') ) - sum( hec , 700 * qc(hec) ) - sum( heh , 8000 * qh(heh) ) - const ; * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + * + + * + b o u n d s + * + + * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + profit.up = 1.0e+08 ; const.fx = 22.5 ; * =================== * = s t r e a m = * =================== y.lo(str) = 0.0 ; y.up(str) = 1.0 ; e.up(str) = 1.0 ; e.up('20') = 0.50 ; e.lo('21') = 0.50 ; *e.up('52') = 0.50 ; *e.lo('58') = 0.50 ; f.lo(str) = 0. ; f.up(str) = 10. ; f.up('8') = 50. ; f.up('9') = 50. ; f.up('10') = 50. ; f.up('11') = 50. ; f.up('12') = 50. ; f.up('13') = 50. ; f.up('14') = 50. ; f.up('15') = 50. ; f.up('16') = 50. ; f.up('17') = 50. ; f.up('18') = 50. ; f.up('52') = 50. ; f.up('54') = 50. ; f.up('56') = 50. ; f.up('57') = 50. ; f.up('58') = 50. ; f.up('59') = 50. ; f.up('60') = 50. ; f.up('70') = 50. ; f.up('71') = 50. ; f.up('72') = 50. ; fc.lo(str,compon) = 0. ; fc.up(str,compon) = 10. ; fc.up('8',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('9',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('10',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('11',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('12',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('13',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('14',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('15',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('16',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('17',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('18',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('52',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('54',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('56',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('57',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('58',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('59',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('60',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('70',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('71',compon) = 30. ; fc.up('72',compon) = 30. ; p.lo(str) = 0.1 ; p.up(str) = 4.0 ; t.lo(str) = 3.00 ; t.up(str) = 10.00 ; t.lo('49') = 2.0 ; t.lo('50') = 2.0 ; t.lo('51') = 2.0 ; vp.lo(str,compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.lo(str) * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; vp.up(str,compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.up(str) * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; * ======================= * = a b s o r b e r = * ======================= nabs.lo(abs) = 0. ; nabs.up(abs) = 40. ; gamma.lo(abs,'tol') = log( (1 - aabs('tol') ** ( nabs.lo('1') * abseff + eps1 )) / (1 - aabs('tol')) ) ; gamma.up(abs,'tol') = min(15, log( (1 - aabs('tol') ** ( nabs.up('1') * abseff + eps1 )) / (1 - aabs('tol')) ) ) ; beta.lo(abs,compon) = log( (1 - aabs(compon) ** ( nabs.lo('1') * abseff + eps1 + 1. )) / (1 - aabs(compon)) ) ; beta.up(abs,compon) = min( 15, log( (1 - aabs(compon) ** ( nabs.up('1') * abseff + eps1 + 1. )) / (1 - aabs(compon)) ) ) ; t.fx('67') = 3.0 ; vp.fx('67',compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.l('67') * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; * =========================== * = c o m p r e s s o r = * =========================== presrat.lo(comp) = 1. ; presrat.up(comp) = 8./3. ; elec.lo(comp)= 0. ; elec.up(comp)= 100. ; * =============================== * = d i s t i l l a t i o n = * =============================== nmin.lo('1') = 0. ; nmin.up('1') = 4. ; nmin.lo('2') = 8. ; nmin.up('2') = 14. ; nmin.lo('3') = 0. ; nmin.up('3') = 4. ; ndist.lo(dist) = nmin.lo(dist) * 2. / disteff ; ndist.up(dist) = nmin.up(dist) * 2. / disteff ; rmin.lo('1') = 0.02 ; rmin.up('1') = 0.10 ; rmin.lo('2') = 0.50 ; rmin.up('2') = 2.00 ; rmin.lo('3') = 0.02 ; rmin.up('3') = 0.10 ; reflux.lo(dist) = rmin.lo(dist) * 1.2 ; reflux.up(dist) = rmin.up(dist) * 1.2 ; distp.lo(dist) = 0.1 ; distp.up(dist) = 4.0 ; * fix pressure at 1.02 mpa ( 150 psia ) distp.fx('1') = 1.020 ; distp.up('2') = 0.400 ; distp.up('3') = 0.250 ; * fix top temperature at 320 k t.fx('26') = 3.20 ; t.lo('27') = ( antb('ben') / ( anta('ben') - log( distp.lo('1') * 7500.6168 ) ) - antc('ben') ) / 100. ; t.up('27') = ( antb('ben') / ( anta('ben') - log( distp.up('1') * 7500.6168 ) ) - antc('ben') ) / 100. ; t.lo('31') = ( antb('ben') / ( anta('ben') - log( distp.lo('2') * 7500.6168 ) ) - antc('ben') ) / 100. ; t.up('31') = ( antb('ben') / ( anta('ben') - log( distp.up('2') * 7500.6168 ) ) - antc('ben') ) / 100. ; t.lo('32') = ( antb('tol') / ( anta('tol') - log( distp.lo('2') * 7500.6168 ) ) - antc('tol') ) / 100. ; t.up('32') = ( antb('tol') / ( anta('tol') - log( distp.up('2') * 7500.6168 ) ) - antc('tol') ) / 100. ; t.lo('34') = ( antb('tol') / ( anta('tol') - log( distp.lo('3') * 7500.6168 ) ) - antc('tol') ) / 100. ; t.up('34') = ( antb('tol') / ( anta('tol') - log( distp.up('3') * 7500.6168 ) ) - antc('tol') ) / 100. ; t.lo('35') = ( antb('dip') / ( anta('dip') - log( distp.lo('3') * 7500.6168 ) ) - antc('dip') ) / 100. ; t.up('35') = ( antb('dip') / ( anta('dip') - log( distp.up('3') * 7500.6168 ) ) - antc('dip') ) / 100. ; vp.lo(str,compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.lo(str) * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; vp.up(str,compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.up(str) * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; avevlt.lo(dist) = sum( compon $ dlkey(dist,compon) , sum( str $ ldist(dist,str) , vp.up(str,compon) ) ) / sum( compon $ dhkey(dist,compon) , sum( str $ ldist(dist,str) , vp.up(str,compon) ) ) ; avevlt.up(dist) = sum( compon $ dlkey(dist,compon) , sum( str $ vdist(dist,str) , vp.lo(str,compon) ) ) / sum( compon $ dhkey(dist,compon) , sum( str $ vdist(dist,str) , vp.lo(str,compon) ) ) ; * ================== * = f l a s h = * ================== eflsh.up(flsh,compon) = 1. ; eflsh.lo(flsh,compon) = 0. ; eflsh.lo('1','h2') = 0.975 ; eflsh.lo('1','ch4') = 0.975 ; eflsh.up('1','ben') = 0.075 ; eflsh.up('1','tol') = 0.050 ; eflsh.up('1','dip') = 0.001 ; eflsh.lo('2','h2') = 0.975 ; eflsh.lo('2','ch4') = 0.975 ; eflsh.up('2','ben') = 0.20 ; eflsh.up('2','tol') = 0.10 ; eflsh.up('2','dip') = 0.01 ; eflsh.lo('3','h2') = 0.99 ; eflsh.lo('3','ch4') = 0.99 ; eflsh.lo('3','ben') = 0.90 ; eflsh.lo('3','tol') = 0.90 ; eflsh.up('3','dip') = 0.40 ; flshp.lo('1') = 2.5 ; flshp.up('1') = 3.25 ; flshp.lo('2') = 0.1 ; flshp.up('2') = 3.25 ; flshp.lo('3') = 0.1 ; flshp.up('3') = 3.25 ; flsht.lo('1') = 3.00 ; flsht.up('1') = 4.50 ; flsht.lo('2') = 3.00 ; flsht.up('2') = 4.50 ; flsht.lo('3') = 3.00 ; flsht.up('3') = 6.50 ; t.lo('19') = flsht.lo('1') ; t.up('19') = flsht.up('1') ; vp.lo('19',compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.lo('19') * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; vp.up('19',compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.up('19') * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; t.lo('48') = flsht.lo('2') ; t.up('48') = flsht.up('2') ; vp.lo('48',compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.lo('48') * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; vp.up('48',compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.up('48') * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; *t.lo('41') = flsht.lo('3') ; t.lo('41') = t.lo('32') ; t.up('41') = flsht.up('3') ; vp.lo('41',compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.lo('41') * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; vp.up('41',compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.up('41') * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; * ====================== * = f u r n a c e = * ====================== qfuel.up(furn) = 10. ; * ==================== * = c o o l e r = * ==================== qc.up(hec) = 10. ; * ==================== * = h e a t e r = * ==================== qh.up(heh) = 10. ; * ========================== * = e x c h a n g e r = * ========================== qexch.up(exch) = 10. ; * ======================= * = m e m b r a n e = * ======================= a.lo(memb) = 100 ; a.up(memb) = 10000 ; * ================== * = m i x e r = * = (1 output) = * ================== mxr1t.lo(mxr1) = 3.0 ; mxr1t.up(mxr1) = 10.0 ; mxr1p.lo(mxr1) = 0.1 ; mxr1p.up(mxr1) = 4.0 ; * ================== * = m i x e r = * ================== mxrt.lo(mxr) = 3.0 ; mxrt.up(mxr) = 10.0 ; mxrp.lo(mxr) = 0.1 ; mxrp.up(mxr) = 4.0 ; * ===================== * = r e a c t o r = * ===================== rctt.lo(rct) = 8.9427 ; rctt.up(rct) = 9.7760 ; rctp.fx(rct) = 3.4474 ; rctvol.up(rct) = 200. ; krct.lo(rct) = 6.3e+10 * exp( -26167. / ( rctt.lo(rct) * 100. ) ) ; krct.up(rct) = 6.3e+10 * exp( -26167. / ( rctt.up(rct) * 100. ) ) ; conv.up(rct,'tol') = 0.973 ; sel.up(rct) = 1.0 - 0.0036 ; q.up('2') = 100. ; * ======================= * = s p l i t t e r = * = (1 outlet) = * ======================= spl1t.lo(spl1) = 3.00 ; spl1t.up(spl1) = 10.00 ; spl1p.lo(spl1) = 0.1 ; spl1p.up(spl1) = 4.0 ; * ======================= * = s p l i t t e r = * ======================= splt.lo(spl) = 3.00 ; splt.up(spl) = 10.00 ; splp.lo(spl) = 0.1 ; splp.up(spl) = 4.0 ; * ========================= * = o t h e r s = * ========================= f.fx('31') = 2.08 ; t.lo('9') = 8.943 ; t.up('16') = 8.943 ; t.fx('1') = 3.0 ; p.fx('1') = 3.930 ; p.fx('66') = 3.930 ; t.fx('66') = 3.00 ; * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + * + + * + i n i t i a l + * + + * + p o i n t + * + + * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + * --------------------------------------- * _ b i n a r y v a r i a b l e s _ * _______________________________________ y.l(str) = 0.0 ; y.l('2') = 1.0 ; *y.l('10') = 1.0 ; y.l('12') = 1.0 ; y.l('24') = 1.0 ; *y.l('33') = 1.0 ; y.l('37') = 1.0 ; *y.l('53') = 1.0 ; y.l('54') = 1.0 ; y.l('59') = 1.0 ; *y.fx(str) = y.l(str) ; * ----------------------------------------------- * _ c o n t i n u o u s v a r i a b l e s _ * _______________________________________________ t.l(str) = 3.0 ; p.l(str) = 3.0 ; f.l('1') = 4.5 - 2.0 * y.l('54') ; fc.l('1',compon) = f.l('1') * f1comp(compon) ; * --------------- * - b y p a s s - * --------------- fc.l('2',compon) = fc.l('1',compon) * y.l('2') ; t.l('2') = t.l('1') ; p.l('2') = p.l('1') ; * ----------------------- * - m e m b r a n e 1 - * ----------------------- fc.l('3',compon) = fc.l('1',compon) * y.l('3') ; fc.l('4',compon) = fc.l('3',compon) ; fc.l('5',compon) = fc.l('4',compon) ; t.l('3') = t.l('1') ; t.l('4') = t.l('1') ; t.l('5') = t.l('1') ; p.l('3') = p.l('3') ; p.l('4') = p.l('3') ; p.l('5') = p.l('3') * 0.25 ; * --------------------------- * - c o m p r e s s o r 1 - * --------------------------- fc.l('6',compon) = fc.l('5',compon) ; p.l('6') = p.l('1') ; presrat.l('1') = ( p.l('6') / p.l('5') ) ** 0.23 ; t.l('6') = t.l('5') * presrat.l('1') ; * --------------------- * - 1 - m i x e r 1 - * --------------------- fc.l('7',compon) = fc.l('1',compon) + fc.l('6',compon) ; t.l('7') = t.l('2') * y.l('2') + t.l('6') * y.l('3') ; p.l('7') = p.l('1') ; * ----------------------- * - h 2 r e c y c l e - * ----------------------- fc.l('57','h2') = 2.5 * y.l('54') ; fc.l('57','ch4') = 0.5 * y.l('54') ; fc.l('57','ben') = 0.0 * y.l('54') ; fc.l('57','tol') = 0.0 * y.l('54') ; fc.l('57','dip') = 0.0 * y.l('54') ; p.l('57') = p.l('1') ; fc.l('60','h2') = 14.0 * y.l('59') - 2.0 * y.l('54') ; fc.l('60','ch4') = 14.0 * y.l('59') - 2.0 * y.l('54') ; fc.l('60','ben') = 0.0 * y.l('59') + 0.0 * y.l('54') ; fc.l('60','tol') = 0.0 * y.l('59') + 0.0 * y.l('54') ; fc.l('60','dip') = 0.0 * y.l('59') + 0.0 * y.l('54') ; p.l('60') = p.l('1') ; fc.l('65','h2') = 1.0 * y.l('63') ; fc.l('65','ch4') = 2.5 * y.l('63') ; fc.l('65','ben') = 0.0 * y.l('63') ; fc.l('65','tol') = 0.5 * y.l('63') ; fc.l('65','dip') = 0.0 * y.l('63') ; p.l('66') = p.l('1') ; fc.l('72',compon) = fc.l('60',compon) + fc.l('57',compon) + fc.l('65',compon) ; p.l('72') = p.l('1') ; fc.l('59',compon) = fc.l('60',compon) ; fc.l('56',compon) = fc.l('57',compon) ; fc.l('64',compon) = fc.l('65',compon) ; * ------------------------- * - t o l r e c y c l e - * ------------------------- fc.l('43',compon) = 0.0 ; fc.l('43','ben') = 0.1 ; fc.l('43','tol') = 2.0 ; p.l('43') = p.l('1') ; fc.l('42',compon) = fc.l('43',compon) ; * ------------------- * - t o l f e e d - * ------------------- f.l('66') = 2.1 ; fc.l('66',compon) = f.l('66') * f66comp(compon) ; p.l('66') = p.l('1') ; * ----------------- * - m i x e r 1 - * ----------------- fc.l('8',compon) = fc.l('7',compon) + fc.l('43',compon) + fc.l('66',compon) + fc.l('72',compon) ; t.l('8') = 3.5 ; p.l('8') = p.l('1') ; * ----------------------- * - e x c h a n g e r 1 * ----------------------- fc.l('70',compon) = fc.l('8',compon) ; t.l('70') = 8.693 ; p.l('70') = p.l('1') ; * ------------------ * - f u r n a c e - * ------------------ fc.l('9',compon) = fc.l('8',compon) ; t.l('9') = 8.943 ; p.l('9') = p.l('1') - 0.4826 ; * ----------------------------- * - 1 - s p l i t t e r 2 - * ----------------------------- fc.l('10',compon) = fc.l('9',compon) * y.l('10') ; fc.l('12',compon) = fc.l('9',compon) * y.l('12') ; t.l('10') = t.l('9') ; t.l('12') = t.l('9') ; p.l('10') = p.l('9') ; p.l('12') = p.l('9') ; * --------------------- * - r e a c t o r - * --------------------- f.l(str) = sum( compon , fc.l(str,compon) ) ; rctt.l(rct) = 9.2 ; krct.l(rct) = 6.3e+10 * exp( -26167. / ( rctt.l(rct) * 100. ) ) ; rctvol.l('1') = 100. * y.l('10') ; rctvol.l('2') = 100. * y.l('12') ; conv.l('1','tol') = 1. - sqr( 1. / ( 1. + 0.372 * krct.l('1') * rctvol.l('1') * sqrt( fc.l('10','tol') / 60. + eps1 ) * ( f.l('10') / 60. + eps1 ) ** (-3./2.) ) ) ; conv.l('2','tol') = 1. - sqr( 1. / ( 1. + 0.372 * krct.l('2') * rctvol.l('2') * sqrt( fc.l('12','tol') / 60. + eps1 ) * ( f.l('12') / 60. + eps1 ) ** (-3./2.) ) ) ; sel.l(rct) = 1. - 0.0036 * ( 1. - conv.l(rct,'tol') ) ** (-1.544) ; consum.l('1','tol') = conv.l('1','tol') * fc.l('10','tol') ; consum.l('2','tol') = conv.l('2','tol') * fc.l('12','tol') ; fc.l('11','tol') = fc.l('10','tol') - consum.l('1','tol') ; fc.l('11','ben') = fc.l('10','ben') + consum.l('1','tol') * sel.l('1') ; fc.l('11','dip') = fc.l('10','dip') + consum.l('1','tol') * ( 1 - sel.l('1') ) / 2. ; fc.l('11','h2') = fc.l('10','h2') - consum.l('1','tol') * ( 1 + sel.l('1') ) / 2. ; fc.l('11','ch4') = fc.l('10','ch4') + consum.l('1','tol') ; fc.l('13','tol') = fc.l('12','tol') - consum.l('2','tol') ; fc.l('13','ben') = fc.l('12','ben') + consum.l('2','tol') * sel.l('2') ; fc.l('13','dip') = fc.l('12','dip') + consum.l('2','tol') * ( 1 - sel.l('2') ) / 2. ; fc.l('13','h2') = fc.l('12','h2') - consum.l('2','tol') * ( 1 + sel.l('2') ) / 2. ; fc.l('13','ch4') = fc.l('12','ch4') + consum.l('2','tol') ; f.l(str) = sum( compon , fc.l(str,compon) ) ; t.l('11') = ( heatrxn('1') * consum.l('1','tol') / ( 100. * cp('10') ) + f.l('10') * t.l('10') ) / ( f.l('11') + eps1 ) ; t.l('13') = ( heatrxn('2') * consum.l('2','tol') / ( 100. * cp('12') ) + f.l('12') * t.l('12') ) / ( f.l('13') + eps1 ) ; p.l('11') = p.l('9') - 0.2068 ; p.l('13') = p.l('9') - 0.2068 ; * ------------------------- * - 1 - m i x e r 2 - * ------------------------- fc.l('14',compon) = fc.l('11',compon) + fc.l('13',compon) ; t.l('14') = t.l('11') * y.l('10') + t.l('13') * y.l('12') ; p.l('14') = p.l('11') ; * ---------------- * - e x p 3 - * ---------------- fc.l('15',compon) = fc.l('14',compon) ; t.l('15') = t.l('14') ; p.l('15') = p.l('14') ; * -------------------- * - m i x e r 2 - * -------------------- fc.l('16','h2') = fc.l('15','h2') ; fc.l('16','ch4') = fc.l('15','ch4') ; fc.l('16','ben') = fc.l('15','ben') * 1.2 ; fc.l('16','tol') = fc.l('15','tol') * 1.2 ; fc.l('16','dip') = fc.l('15','dip') * 1.2 ; t.l('16') = 8.943 ; p.l('16') = p.l('15') ; * ----------------------- * - e x c h a n g e r 1 * ----------------------- fc.l('71',compon) = fc.l('16',compon) ; t.l('71') = 5.0 ; p.l('71') = p.l('16') ; * ------------------ * - c o o l e r 1 - * ------------------ fc.l('17',compon) = fc.l('71',compon) ; t.l('17') = 3.0 ; p.l('17') = p.l('71') ; * --------------------- * - f l a s h 1 - * --------------------- eflsh.l('1','h2') = 0.995 ; eflsh.l('1','ch4') = 0.99 ; eflsh.l('1','ben') = 0.04 ; eflsh.l('1','tol') = 0.01 ; eflsh.l('1','dip') = 0.0001 ; fc.l('18',compon) = fc.l('17',compon) * eflsh.l('1',compon) ; fc.l('19',compon) = fc.l('17',compon) - fc.l('18',compon) ; t.l('17') = 3.0 ; t.l('18') = 3.0 ; t.l('19') = 3.0 ; p.l('18') = p.l('17') ; p.l('19') = p.l('17') ; vp.l('19',compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.l('19') * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; * ------------------------------------- * - q u e n c h s p l i t t e r - * ------------------------------------- fc.l('20',compon) = fc.l('19',compon) * 0.20 ; fc.l('21',compon) = fc.l('19',compon) * 0.80 ; t.l('20') = t.l('19') ; t.l('21') = t.l('19') ; p.l('20') = p.l('19') ; p.l('21') = p.l('19') ; * -------------------- * - m i x e r 3 - * -------------------- fc.l('69',compon) = 0.0 * y.l('63') ; fc.l('22',compon) = fc.l('21',compon) + fc.l('69',compon) ; t.l('22') = t.l('21') ; p.l('22') = p.l('21') ; * --------------------------- * - 1 - s p l i t t e r 3 - * --------------------------- fc.l('23',compon) = fc.l('22',compon) * y.l('23') ; fc.l('24',compon) = fc.l('22',compon) * y.l('24') ; t.l('23') = t.l('22') ; t.l('24') = t.l('22') ; p.l('23') = p.l('22') ; p.l('24') = p.l('22') ; * ------------------ * - h e a t e r 1 - * ------------------ fc.l('25',compon) = fc.l('24',compon) ; t.l('25') = t.l('24') ; p.l('25') = p.l('24') ; * ------------------------ * - c o l u m n - 1 - * ------------------------ nmin.l('1') = 2.5 * y.l('24') ; ndist.l('1') = nmin.l('1') * 4 ; rmin.l('1') = 0.06 ; reflux.l('1') = 1.2 * rmin.l('1') ; distp.l('1') = 1.02 ; avevlt.l('1') = 250. ; fc.l('26','h2') = fc.l('25','h2') * 1.00 ; fc.l('26','ch4') = fc.l('25','ch4') * 0.99 ; fc.l('26','ben') = fc.l('25','ben') * 0.01 ; fc.l('26','tol') = fc.l('25','tol') * 0.00 ; fc.l('26','dip') = fc.l('25','dip') * 0.00 ; fc.l('27',compon) = fc.l('25',compon) - fc.l('26',compon) ; p.l('26') = distp.l('1') ; p.l('27') = distp.l('1') ; t.l('26') = t.lo('26') ; t.l('27') = t.lo('27') + 0.1 ; vp.l('26','ch4') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('ch4') - antb('ch4') / ( t.l('26') * 100. + antc('ch4') ) ) ; vp.l('26','ben') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('ben') - antb('ben') / ( t.l('26') * 100. + antc('ben') ) ) ; vp.l('27','ch4') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('ch4') - antb('ch4') / ( t.l('27') * 100. + antc('ch4') ) ) ; vp.l('27','ben') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('ben') - antb('ben') / ( t.l('27') * 100. + antc('ben') ) ) ; * ------------------ * - h e a t e r 1 - * ------------------ fc.l('44',compon) = fc.l('23',compon) ; p.l('44') = p.l('23') ; t.l('44') = 3.0 * ( 3.24 / 0.1 )**0.23 ; * ---------------- * - e x p 3 - * ---------------- fc.l('45',compon) = fc.l('44',compon) ; p.l('45') = 0.1 ; t.l('45') = 3.0 ; * ------------------ * - c o o l e r 2 - * ------------------ fc.l('46',compon) = fc.l('45',compon) ; p.l('46') = p.l('45') ; t.l('46') = t.l('45') ; * --------------------- * - f l a s h 2 - * --------------------- t.l('47') = t.l('46') ; t.l('48') = t.l('46') ; p.l('47') = p.l('46') ; p.l('48') = p.l('46') ; vp.l('48',compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.l('48') * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; eflsh.l('2','h2') = 0.99 ; eflsh.l('2','ch4') = 0.99 ; eflsh.l('2','ben') = 0.05 ; eflsh.l('2','tol') = 0.02 ; eflsh.l('2','dip') = 0.0001 ; fc.l('47',compon) = fc.l('46',compon) * eflsh.l('2',compon) ; fc.l('48',compon) = fc.l('46',compon) - fc.l('47',compon) ; * ---------------- * - e x p 4 - * ---------------- fc.l('49',compon) = fc.l('47',compon) ; p.l('49') = p.l('47') ; t.l('49') = t.l('47') ; * ------------------------- * - 1 - m i x e r 3 - * ------------------------- fc.l('30',compon) = fc.l('27',compon) + fc.l('48',compon) ; t.l('30') = t.l('27') * y.l('24') + t.l('48') * y.l('23') ; p.l('30') = p.l('27') * y.l('24') + p.l('48') * y.l('23') ; * ------------------------ * - s p l i t t e r 3 - * ------------------------ e.l('28') = 0.9 ; e.l('29') = 1.0 - e.l('28') ; fc.l('28',compon) = fc.l('26',compon) * e.l('28') ; fc.l('29',compon) = fc.l('26',compon) * e.l('29') ; p.l('28') = p.l('26') ; p.l('29') = p.l('29') ; t.l('28') = t.l('26') ; t.l('29') = t.l('29') ; * ---------------- * - e x p 5 - * ---------------- fc.l('50',compon) = fc.l('29',compon) ; p.l('50') = p.l('49') ; t.l('50') = t.l('29') * ( p.l('50') / p.l('29') ) ** 0.23 ; * ---------------------- * - m i x e r 5 - * ---------------------- fc.l('51',compon) = fc.l('49',compon) + fc.l('50',compon) ; p.l('51') = p.l('49') ; t.l('51') = t.l('49') * y.l('23') + t.l('50') * y.l('24') ; * ------------------------ * - c o l u m n - 2 - * ------------------------ nmin.l('2') = 12.0 ; ndist.l('2') = nmin.l('2') * 4 ; rmin.l('2') = 1.3 ; reflux.l('2') = 1.2 * rmin.l('2') ; distp.l('2') = 0.1 ; avevlt.l('2') = 2.5 ; p.l('31') = distp.l('2') ; p.l('32') = distp.l('2') ; t.l('31') = t.lo('31') + 0.1 ; t.l('32') = t.lo('32') + 0.1 ; fc.l('31','h2') = fc.l('30','h2') * 1.00 ; fc.l('31','ch4') = fc.l('30','ch4') * 1.00 ; fc.l('31','ben') = fc.l('30','ben') * 0.99 ; fc.l('31','tol') = fc.l('30','tol') * 0.01 ; fc.l('31','dip') = fc.l('30','dip') * 0.00 ; fc.l('32',compon) = fc.l('30',compon) - fc.l('31',compon) ; vp.l('31','ben') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('ben') - antb('ben') / ( t.l('31') * 100. + antc('ben') ) ) ; vp.l('31','tol') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('tol') - antb('tol') / ( t.l('31') * 100. + antc('tol') ) ) ; vp.l('32','ben') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('ben') - antb('ben') / ( t.l('32') * 100. + antc('ben') ) ) ; vp.l('32','tol') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('tol') - antb('tol') / ( t.l('32') * 100. + antc('tol') ) ) ; * ---------------------------- * - 1 - s p l i t t e r 4 - * ---------------------------- fc.l('33',compon) = fc.l('32',compon) * y.l('33') ; fc.l('37',compon) = fc.l('32',compon) * y.l('37') ; t.l('33') = t.l('32') ; t.l('37') = t.l('32') ; p.l('33') = p.l('32') ; p.l('37') = p.l('32') ; * ------------------------ * - c o l u m n - 3 - * ------------------------ nmin.l('3') = 2.5 * y.l('33') ; ndist.l('3') = nmin.l('3') * 4 ; rmin.l('3') = 0.03 ; reflux.l('3') = 1.2 * rmin.l('3') ; distp.l('3') = 0.1 ; avevlt.l('3') = 40. ; fc.l('34','h2') = fc.l('33','h2') * 1.00 ; fc.l('34','ch4') = fc.l('33','ch4') * 1.00 ; fc.l('34','ben') = fc.l('33','ben') * 1.00 ; fc.l('34','tol') = fc.l('33','tol') * 0.99 ; fc.l('34','dip') = fc.l('33','dip') * 0.00 ; fc.l('35',compon) = fc.l('33',compon) - fc.l('34',compon) ; p.l('34') = distp.l('3') ; p.l('35') = distp.l('3') ; t.l('34') = t.lo('34') + 0.1 ; t.l('35') = t.lo('35') + 0.1 ; vp.l('34','tol') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('tol') - antb('tol') / ( t.l('34') * 100. + antc('tol') ) ) ; vp.l('34','dip') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('dip') - antb('dip') / ( t.l('34') * 100. + antc('dip') ) ) ; vp.l('35','tol') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('tol') - antb('tol') / ( t.l('35') * 100. + antc('tol') ) ) ; vp.l('35','dip') = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta('dip') - antb('dip') / ( t.l('35') * 100. + antc('dip') ) ) ; * -------------------- * - h e a t e r 3 - * -------------------- fc.l('38',compon) = fc.l('37',compon) ; p.l('38') = p.l('37') ; t.l('38') = t.l('37') ; * ---------------- * - e x p 2 - * ---------------- fc.l('39',compon) = fc.l('38',compon) ; p.l('39') = 0.1 ; t.l('39') = t.l('38') ; * --------------------- * - f l a s h 3 - * --------------------- eflsh.l('2','h2') = 0.999 ; eflsh.l('2','ch4') = 0.999 ; eflsh.l('2','ben') = 0.999 ; eflsh.l('2','tol') = 0.95 ; eflsh.l('2','dip') = 0.25 ; fc.l('40',compon) = fc.l('39',compon) * eflsh.l('2',compon) ; fc.l('41',compon) = fc.l('39',compon) - fc.l('40',compon) ; t.l('41') = 4.0 ; vp.l('41',compon) = ( 1. / 7500.6168 ) * exp( anta(compon) - antb(compon) / ( t.l('41') * 100. + antc(compon) ) ) ; p.l('40') = p.l('39') ; p.l('41') = p.l('39') ; t.l('40') = t.l('41') ; * ------------------------ * - s p l i t t e r 2 - * ------------------------ e.l('52') = 0.2 ; e.l('58') = 1.0 - e.l('52') ; fc.l('52',compon) = fc.l('18',compon) * e.l('52') ; fc.l('58',compon) = fc.l('18',compon) * e.l('58') ; p.l('52') = p.l('18') ; p.l('58') = p.l('18') ; t.l('52') = t.l('18') ; t.l('58') = t.l('18') ; * ---------------------------- * - 1 - s p l i t t e r 5 - * ---------------------------- fc.l('53',compon) = fc.l('52',compon) * y.l('53') ; fc.l('54',compon) = fc.l('52',compon) * y.l('54') ; t.l('53') = t.l('52') ; t.l('54') = t.l('52') ; p.l('53') = p.l('52') ; p.l('54') = p.l('52') ; * ------------------------ * - m e m b r a n e 2 - * ------------------------ fc.l('55','h2') = fc.l('54','h2') * 0.2 ; fc.l('55','ch4') = fc.l('54','ch4') * 0.9 ; fc.l('55','ben') = fc.l('54','ben') * 1.0 ; fc.l('55','tol') = fc.l('54','tol') * 1.0 ; fc.l('55','dip') = fc.l('54','dip') * 1.0 ; fc.l('56',compon) = fc.l('54',compon) - fc.l('55',compon) ; t.l('55') = t.l('54') ; t.l('56') = t.l('54') ; p.l('55') = p.l('54') ; p.l('56') = p.l('54') * 0.25 ; * ---------------------------- * - 1 - s p l i t t e r 6 - * ---------------------------- fc.l('61',compon) = fc.l('58',compon) * y.l('61') ; t.l('61') = t.l('58') ; p.l('61') = p.l('58') ; * -------------------- * - h e a t e r 4 - * -------------------- fc.l('73',compon) = fc.l('61',compon) ; p.l('73') = p.l('61') ; t.l('73') = t.l('61') * ( 3.24 / 0.1 )**0.23 ; * ---------------- * - e x p 6 - * ---------------- fc.l('62',compon) = fc.l('73',compon) ; p.l('62') = p.l('51') ; t.l('62') = 3.0 ; * ----------------- * - m i x e r 4 - * ----------------- fc.l('63',compon) = fc.l('51',compon) - fc.l('62',compon) ; t.l('63') = t.l('62') ; p.l('63') = p.l('62') ; * ----------------------- * - a b s o r b e r - * ----------------------- f.l('63') = sum( compon , fc.l('63',compon) ) ; f.l('67') = f.l('63') * 0.20 ; fc.l('67',compon) = f.l('67') * f67comp(compon) ; nabs.l(abs) = 30. * y.l('63') ; gamma.l(abs,'tol') = log( (1 - aabs('tol')**(nabs.l(abs) * abseff + eps1) ) / (1 - aabs('tol')) ) ; beta.l(abs,compon) = log( (1 - aabs(compon)**(nabs.l(abs) * abseff + 1.0) ) / (1 - aabs(compon)) ) ; fc.l('64',compon) $ asimp('1',compon) = fc.l('63',compon) / cbeta(compon) ; fc.l('64',compon) $ anorm('1',compon) = fc.l('63',compon) / exp( beta.l('1',compon) ) ; fc.l('64',compon) $ asolv('1',compon) = ( fc.l('63',compon) + fc.l('67',compon) * exp( gamma.l('1',compon) ) ) / exp( beta.l('1',compon) ) ; fc.l('65','ben') = fc.l('64','ben') ; fc.l('68',compon) = fc.l('63',compon) + fc.l('67',compon) - fc.l('64',compon) ; f.l(str) = sum( compon , fc.l(str,compon) ) ; display f.l ; display fc.l ; display t.l ; display p.l ; display rctvol.l ; display conv.l ; display consum.l ; display krct.l ; display sel.l ; display nmin.l ; display ndist.l ; display vp.l ; display gamma.l ; display beta.l ; display eflsh.l ; option limcol = 0 , limrow = 100 ; option domlim = 1000 ; model douglas / all / ; solve douglas maximizing profit using minlp ; $ontext option limrow = 0 ; *y.fx(str) = 0.0 ; *y.fx('2') = 1.0 ; *y.fx('10') = 1.0 ; *y.fx('24') = 1.0 ; *y.fx('37') = 1.0 ; *y.fx('53') = 1.0 ; *y.fx('59') = 1.0 ; * switch to reactor #2 y.l('10') = 0.0 ; y.l('12') = 1.0 ; * ----------------------------- * - 1 - s p l i t t e r 2 - * ----------------------------- fc.l('10',compon) = fc.l('9',compon) * y.l('10') ; fc.l('12',compon) = fc.l('9',compon) * y.l('12') ; * --------------------- * - r e a c t o r - * --------------------- f.l(str) = sum( compon , fc.l(str,compon) ) ; krct.l(rct) = 6.3e+10 * exp( -26167. / ( rctt.l(rct) * 100. ) ) ; rctvol.l('1') = 100. * y.l('10') ; rctvol.l('2') = 100. * y.l('12') ; conv.l('1','tol') = 1. - sqr( 1. / ( 1. + 0.372 * krct.l('1') * rctvol.l('1') * sqrt( fc.l('10','tol') / 60. + eps1 ) * ( f.l('10') / 60. + eps1 ) ** (-3./2.) ) ) ; conv.l('2','tol') = 1. - sqr( 1. / ( 1. + 0.372 * krct.l('2') * rctvol.l('2') * sqrt( fc.l('12','tol') / 60. + eps1 ) * ( f.l('12') / 60. + eps1 ) ** (-3./2.) ) ) ; sel.l(rct) = 1. - 0.0036 * ( 1. - conv.l(rct,'tol') ) ** (-1.544) ; consum.l('1','tol') = conv.l('1','tol') * fc.l('10','tol') ; consum.l('2','tol') = conv.l('2','tol') * fc.l('12','tol') ; fc.l('11','tol') = fc.l('10','tol') - consum.l('1','tol') ; fc.l('11','ben') = fc.l('10','ben') + consum.l('1','tol') * sel.l('1') ; fc.l('11','dip') = fc.l('10','dip') + consum.l('1','tol') * ( 1 - sel.l('1') ) / 2. ; fc.l('11','h2') = fc.l('10','h2') - consum.l('1','tol') * ( 1 + sel.l('1') ) / 2. ; fc.l('11','ch4') = fc.l('10','ch4') + consum.l('1','tol') ; fc.l('13','tol') = fc.l('12','tol') - consum.l('2','tol') ; fc.l('13','ben') = fc.l('12','ben') + consum.l('2','tol') * sel.l('2') ; fc.l('13','dip') = fc.l('12','dip') + consum.l('2','tol') * ( 1 - sel.l('2') ) / 2. ; fc.l('13','h2') = fc.l('12','h2') - consum.l('2','tol') * ( 1 + sel.l('2') ) / 2. ; fc.l('13','ch4') = fc.l('12','ch4') + consum.l('2','tol') ; f.l(str) = sum( compon , fc.l(str,compon) ) ; t.l('11') = ( heatrxn('1') * consum.l('1','tol') / ( 100. * cp('10') ) + f.l('10') * t.l('10') ) / ( f.l('11') + eps1 ) ; t.l('13') = ( heatrxn('2') * consum.l('2','tol') / ( 100. * cp('12') ) + f.l('12') * t.l('12') ) / ( f.l('13') + eps1 ) ; solve douglas maximizing profit using nlp ; * add membrane #2 y.l('53') = 0.0 ; y.l('54') = 1.0 ; * ---------------------------- * - 1 - s p l i t t e r 5 - * ---------------------------- fc.l('53',compon) = fc.l('52',compon) * y.l('53') ; fc.l('54',compon) = fc.l('52',compon) * y.l('54') ; * ------------------------ * - m e m b r a n e 2 - * ------------------------ fc.l('55','h2') = fc.l('54','h2') * 0.2 ; fc.l('55','ch4') = fc.l('54','ch4') * 0.9 ; fc.l('55','ben') = fc.l('54','ben') * 1.0 ; fc.l('55','tol') = fc.l('54','tol') * 1.0 ; fc.l('55','dip') = fc.l('54','dip') * 1.0 ; fc.l('56',compon) = fc.l('54',compon) - fc.l('55',compon) ; t.l('55') = t.l('54') ; t.l('56') = t.l('54') ; p.l('55') = p.l('54') ; p.l('56') = p.l('54') * 0.25 ; solve douglas maximizing profit using nlp ; $offtext