andean.gms : Andean Fertilizer Model

Description

This model has been used by the secretariat of the Andean
common market to assist in the planning of investments in
the fertilizer sector. Efficient and equitable investment
plans were studied.


Large Model of Types : MIP lp


Category : GAMS Model library


Main file : andean.gms

$title A N D E A N Fertilizer Model (ANDEAN,SEQ=44)

$onText
This model has been used by the secretariat of the Andean
common market to assist in the planning of investments in
the fertilizer sector. Efficient and equitable investment
plans were studied.


Mennes, L, and Stoutjesdijk, A, Multicountry Investment Analysis. The
John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1986.

Keywords: mixed integer linear programming, investment planning, fertilizer industry,
          micro economics
$offText

$sTitle Set Definitions
Set
   w         'countries in Andean common market'
             / bolivia, colombia, ecuador, peru, venezuela /
   wr        'countries and region'
   i         'plant locations'
             / palmasola   'pta-pequena'
               pto-suarez  'pta-grande'
               potosi      'enaf'
               baranquill  'monomeros'
               cartagena   'abocol'
               barrancabr  'ferticol'
               la-dorada   'la-dorada'
               guayaquil   'fertiza'
               pt-bolivar  'cepe'
               callao-f    'fertiza'
               cuzco       'cachimayo'
               talara      'petroperu'
               callao-i    'indus'
               bayovar     'bayovar'
               moron       'ivp'
               pta-caiman  'pedevesa'
               caripito    'ivp'
               tablazo     'nitroven'    /
   wi(w,i)   'country plant location mapping'
             / bolivia.  (palmasola ,pto-suarez,potosi)
               colombia. (baranquill,cartagena,barrancabr,la-dorada)
               ecuador.  (guayaquil,pt-bolivar)
               peru.     (callao-f,cuzco,talara,callao-i,bayovar)
               venezuela.(moron,pta-caiman,caripito,tablazo)         /
   j         'demand regions'
             / cochabamba  'valles'
               santa-cruz  'llanos-orientales'
               potosi      'altiplano'
               bogota      'central'
               bucaramang  'nor-oriental'
               armenia     'cafetera'
               cali        'sur'
               quito       'nor-occidental'
               babahoyo    'centro-occidental'
               machala     'sur-occidental'
               chiclayo    'norte'
               ica         'centro'
               arequipa    'sur'
               tingo-mar   'selva'
               maturin     'oriental'
               maracaibo   'occidental'
               calabozo    'centro-oriente'
               acarigua    'centro-occidente'  /
   wj(w,j)   'country demand region mapping'
             / bolivia.  (cochabamba,santa-cruz,potosi)
               colombia. (bogota,bucaramang,armenia,cali)
               ecuador.  (quito,babahoyo,machala)
               peru.     (chiclayo,ica,arequipa,tingo-mar)
               venezuela.(maturin,maracaibo,calabozo,acarigua) /
   m         'productive units'
             / amm-elec    'ammonia: electrolysis'
               amm-n-gas   'ammonia: natural gas'
               amm-f-oil   'ammonia: fuel oil'
               nitr-acid   'nitric acid'
               amm-nitr    'ammonium nitrate'
               amm-sulf    'ammonium sulfate'
               urea
               ssp         'single superphosphate'
               tsp         'triple superphosphate'
               ss-tsp      'combined ssp-tsp plant'
               phos-acid   'phosphoric acid'
               sulf-acid   'sulfuric acid'
               npk         'compound fertilizer'
               dap         'diammonium phosphate'
               granulator  'unit for dap npk and tsp granulation'
               pot-chlor   'potassium chloride'                   /
   g         'plant types' / old, new /
   p         'processes'
             / amm-elec    'ammonia: electrolysis'
               amm-n-gas   'ammonia: natural gas'
               amm-f-oil   'ammonia: fuel oil'
               nitr-acid   'nitric acid'
               amm-nitr    'ammonium nitrate'
               amm-sulf    'ammonium sulfate'
               urea
               ssp         'single superphosphate'
               tsp         'triple superphosphate'
               s-sp        'single superphosphate on ss-tsp unit'
               t-sp        'triple superphosphate on ss-tsp unit'
               phos-acid   'phosphoric acid'
               sulf-acid   'sulfuric acid'
               dap         'diammonium phosphate'
               dap-g       'diammonium phosphate on granulator unit'
               comp-g      'compound fertilizer on granulator unit'
               pot-chlor   'potassium chloride'
               c-20-18-10  'compound fertilizer'
               c-13-13-20  'compound fertilizer'
               c-15-21-10  'compound fertilizer'
               c-16-12-12  'compound fertilizer'
               c-08-24-12  'compound fertilizer'
               c-12-12-12  'compound fertilizer'                     /
   cq        'nutrients'
             / n           'nitrogen'
               p2o5        'phosphorus'
               k2o         'potash'     /
   c         'all commodities'
             / urea
               amm-nitr    'ammonium nitrate'
               amm-sulf    'ammonium sulfate'
               ssp         'single superphosphate'
               tsp         'triple superphosphate'
               pot-chlor   'potassium chloride'
               dap         'diammonium phosphate'
               c-20-18-10  'compound fertilizer'
               c-13-13-20  'compound fertilizer'
               c-15-21-10  'compound fertilizer'
               c-16-12-12  'compound fertilizer'
               c-08-24-12  'compound fertilizer'
               c-12-12-12  'compound fertilizer'
               phos-acid   'phosphoric acid'
               ammonia
               carb-diox   'carbon dioxide'
               nitr-acid   'nitric acid'
               electr      'electricity          (1000 kwh      )'
               nat-gas     'natural gas          (1000 std.cu.ft)'
               fuel-oil
               phos-rock   'phosphate rock       ( .75 pct bpl  )'
               el-sulfur   'elemental sulfur'
               sulf-acid   'sulfuric acid'
               brine                                               /
   cf(c)     'final products'
             / urea      , amm-nitr  , amm-sulf  , ssp       , tsp       , pot-chlor , dap
               c-20-18-10, c-13-13-20, c-15-21-10, c-16-12-12, c-08-24-12, c-12-12-12      /
   co(c)     'compounds'
             / c-20-18-10, c-13-13-20, c-15-21-10, c-16-12-12, c-08-24-12, c-12-12-12 /
   cr(c)     'domestic raw materials'
             / electr, nat-gas, fuel-oil, phos-rock, el-sulfur, sulf-acid, brine /
   cis(c)    'products for interplant shipment'
             / urea, amm-nitr, amm-sulf, ssp, tsp, pot-chlor, dap, phos-acid, ammonia /
   ce(c)     'products for export'
             / urea, amm-nitr, amm-sulf, ssp, tsp, pot-chlor, dap, phos-acid, ammonia /
   cv(c)     'products for import'
             / urea, amm-nitr, amm-sulf, tsp, pot-chlor, dap, phos-acid, ammonia, phos-rock, el-sulfur /
   wnpk(w,c) 'country-compound mapping'
             / venezuela.(c-20-18-10,c-13-13-20)
               colombia .(c-16-12-12,c-15-21-10)
               ecuador  .(c-08-24-12)
               peru     .(c-12-12-12)            /
   t         'time periods'      / 1981-83, 1984-86, 1987-89, 1990-92 /
   te(t)     'expansion periods' / 1984-86, 1987-89, 1990-92 /
   cores(co,i,j) 'compound shipment possibilities';

Alias (i,ip), (j,jp), (t,tp), (te,tep), (w,wp);

wr(w)         = yes;
wr("andean")  = yes;
cores(co,i,j) = sum(w$(wi(w,i)*wj(w,j)), wnpk(w,co));
display wr, cores;

* the following format will be used in all the data sections below:
*  a. define all the parameters that are used in the model.
*  b. present the data used.
*  c. define intermediate parameters.
*  d. compute necessary parameters from data.

$sTitle Demand Data
Parameter d(j,cq,t) 'demand for nutrients                 (1000 tpy)';

Table dem82(j,cq)   'nutrient demand projections for 1982 (1000 tpy)'
                     n  p2o5   k2o
   cochabamba      1.2   2.3
   santa-cruz      1.2    .6
   potosi           .3   2.4
   bogota         74.2  57.1  34.2
   bucaramang     29.4   7.1   5.4
   armenia        54.3  44.3  29.3
   cali           30.8  25.3  15.4
   quito          12.6  10.3   6.1
   babahoyo       16.2  13.2   7.9
   machala         7.2   5.8   3.4
   chiclayo       58.0  15.8   9.4
   ica            43.2  11.8   7.1
   arequipa       17.2   4.7   2.8
   tingo-mar       4.9   1.3    .8
   maturin        24.8  18.3  11.7
   maracaibo      16.5  12.2   7.8
   calabozo       42.7  31.5  20.2
   acarigua       53.7  39.6  25.4;

Table dem85(j,cq) 'nutrient demand projections for 1985   (1000 tpy)'
                   n  p2o5   k2o
   cochabamba    3.7   3.2
   santa-cruz    4.6   1.1
   potosi        0.9   3.0
   bogota       90.7  65.9  37.2
   bucaramang   34.9   8.4   6.1
   armenia      76.8  63.5  43.7
   cali         38.9  31.8  16.9
   quito        14.4  11.6   7.0
   babahoyo     23.1  18.5  11.3
   machala      10.6   8.5   5.1
   chiclayo     70.8  21.5  12.8
   ica          45.8  13.9   8.3
   arequipa     23.6   7.2   4.3
   tingo-mar     7.4   2.2   1.4
   maturin      30.6  23.6  14.1
   maracaibo    20.4  15.7   9.4
   calabozo     52.6  40.7  24.2
   acarigua     66.2  51.1  30.5;

Table dem88(j,cq) 'nutrient demand projections for 1988   (1000 tpy)'
                   n  p2o5   k2o
   cochabamba    5.7   4.7
   santa-cruz    7.4   1.7
   potosi        3.3   4.3
   bogota       99.9  71.1  42.0
   bucaramang   38.3   9.9   7.6
   armenia     100.8  82.6  49.8
   cali         46.6  38.4  18.8
   quito        16.0  12.8   7.7
   babahoyo     32.0  25.8  15.5
   machala      16.0  12.8   7.7
   chiclayo     81.5  29.2  17.4
   ica          48.2  17.3  10.3
   arequipa     28.3  10.2   6.0
   tingo-mar     8.3   3.0   1.8
   maturin      39.2  32.9  17.2
   maracaibo    26.2  21.9  11.5
   calabozo     67.5  56.7  29.7
   acarigua     84.9  71.3  37.4;

Table dem91(j,cq) 'nutrient demand projections for 1991   (1000 tpy)'
                   n   p2o5   k2o
   cochabamba    8.0    6.9
   santa-cruz   10.4    3.0
   potosi        4.6    5.4
   bogota      104.2   74.2  43.2
   bucaramang   44.4   12.3   9.0
   armenia     121.1  100.8  59.1
   cali         54.3   44.3  20.5
   quito        16.7   13.3   8.1
   babahoyo     43.1   34.8  20.9
   machala      23.3   18.7  11.3
   chiclayo     90.6   38.8  23.2
   ica          51.6   21.4  12.7
   arequipa     33.3   14.3   8.5
   tingo-mar    11.1    4.8   2.8
   maturin      51.0   47.3  21.2
   maracaibo    34.0   31.5  14.2
   calabozo     87.9   81.6  36.6
   acarigua    110.5  102.6  46.1;

Table db(j,*) 'minimum ammonium sulfate requirement       (1000 tpy)'
               1981-83  1984-86  1987-89  1990-92
   cochabamba       .5       .5       .5       .5
   santa-cruz       .5       .5       .5       .5
   potosi                    .3       .5       .5
   bogota          9.8     12.4     13.4     15.5
   bucaramang      4.7      4.7      6.9      8.0
   armenia         9.4     12.0     13.4     15.5
   cali            4.7      4.7      6.4      7.5
   quito           1.8      2.3      2.8      3.1
   babahoyo        1.8      2.3      2.4      2.6
   machala         1.4      1.5      1.9      2.2
   chiclayo        3.8      4.5      5.3      6.5
   ica             3.8      4.5      5.3      6.5
   arequipa        3.2      3.9      4.6      5.7
   tingo-mar       1.3      1.9      2.7      3.3
   maturin        15.4     16.9     20.5     21.5
   maracaibo      11.5     11.8     11.9     12.5
   calabozo       23.3     24.5     27.0     28.4
   acarigua       28.8     32.9     34.0     35.7;

Table alpha(c,cq) 'nutrient content'
                   n   p2o5    k2o
   ammonia       .80
   nitr-acid     .22
   phos-acid            .54
   phos-rock            .30
   brine                     .0004
   urea          .46
   amm-nitr      .33
   amm-sulf      .205
   ssp                  .20
   tsp                  .46
   pot-chlor                 .60
   dap           .18    .46
   c-20-18-10    .20    .18  .10
   c-13-13-20    .13    .13  .20
   c-15-21-10    .15    .21  .10
   c-16-12-12    .16    .12  .12
   c-08-24-12    .08    .24  .12
   c-12-12-12    .12    .12  .12  ;

d(j,cq,"1981-83") = dem82(j,cq);
d(j,cq,"1984-86") = dem85(j,cq);
d(j,cq,"1987-89") = dem88(j,cq);
d(j,cq,"1990-92") = dem91(j,cq);

* computations below are simply for analysis.
Parameter
   dr(cq,t,*)  'demand for nutrients                   (1000 tpy)'
   dbr(*,t)    'demand for ammonium sulfate by country (1000 tpy)'
   dgr(*,cq,*) 'demand growth rates';

dr(cq,t,w)        = sum(j$wj(w,j), d(j,cq,t));
dr(cq,t,"andean") = sum(w, dr(cq,t,w));
dbr(w,t)          = sum(j$wj(w,j), db(j,t));
dbr("andean",t)   = sum(w, dbr(w,t));

Table con76(*,cq) 'nutrient consumption in 1976        (1000 tpy)'
                   n  p2o5  k2o
   bolivia         1     2
   colombia      108    69   42
   ecuador        20    17   10
   peru          101    17   13
   venezuela     133    95   71;

con76("andean",cq) = sum(w, con76(w,cq));
dgr("76/82",cq,wr)$con76(wr,cq)        = (dr(cq,"1981-83",wr)/con76(wr,cq))**(1/6) - 1;
dgr("76/91",cq,wr)$con76(wr,cq)        = (dr(cq,"1990-92",wr)/con76(wr,cq))**(1/16) - 1;
dgr("82/85",cq,wr)$dr(cq,"1981-83",wr) = (dr(cq,"1984-86",wr)/dr(cq,"1981-83",wr))**(1/3) - 1;
dgr("85/88",cq,wr)$dr(cq,"1984-86",wr) = (dr(cq,"1987-89",wr)/dr(cq,"1984-86",wr))**(1/3) - 1;
dgr("88/91",cq,wr)$dr(cq,"1987-89",wr) = (dr(cq,"1990-92",wr)/dr(cq,"1987-89",wr))**(1/3) - 1;
dgr("82/91",cq,wr)$dr(cq,"1981-83",wr) = (dr(cq,"1990-92",wr)/dr(cq,"1981-83",wr))**(1/9) - 1;

display d, db, dr, dbr, con76, dgr;

$sTitle Transport
Parameter
   mur(i)    'transport cost: imported raw material   (us$ per ton)'
   mue(i)    'transport cost: export                  (us$ per ton)'
   muf(i,j)  'transport cost: final products          (us$ per ton)'
   mui(i,ip) 'transport cost: interplant shipments    (us$ per ton)'
   mufv(j)   'transport cost: imported final products (us$ per ton)'
   mux(c)    'transport cost factor for acids';

Table trsp   'transport cost                          (us$ per ton)'
              palmasola  pto-suarez  potosi  baranquill  cartagena  barrancabr  la-dorada  guayaquil
   potosi        31.25        55.97              70.68      70.68        93.97      97.58     70.32
   cochabamba    21.50        46.22   18.17      74.34      74.34        97.63     101.24     71.10
   santa-cruz     3.00        27.72   28.25      86.84      86.84       110.13     113.74     83.60
   bogota       122.72      1000.00  103.56      32.88      35.61        16.44      12.00     64.04
   bucaramang   113.13      1000.00   93.97      23.28      26.03         8.22      21.28     54.45
   armenia      101.63      1000.00   82.66      31.15      31.15        21.91      11.47     42.33
   cali          96.15      1000.00   77.18      25.67      20.67        32.98      16.95     36.75
   quito        103.12      1000.00   87.92      48.76      48.67        72.05      47.40     20.80
   babahoyo      91.13      1000.00   75.92      36.76      36.76        60.05      63.66      5.60
   machala       88.52      1000.00   73.32      34.16      34.16        57.45      61.06      9.60
   chiclayo      88.52      1000.00   70.37      36.14      36.14        59.43      63.04     32.90
   ica           84.36      1000.00   66.25      51.05      51.05        74.34      77.95     47.81
   arequipa      65.55      1000.00   47.40      41.99      41.99        65.28      68.89     38.25
   tingo-mar    124.99      1000.00  106.84      72.61      72.61        95.90      99.51     69.37
   maturin       95.81      1000.00   74.49      39.61      39.61        55.46      66.51     39.11
   maracaibo     95.81      1000.00   74.49      22.61      31.61        38.17      49.51     39.11
   calabozo     105.12      1000.00   83.80      44.22      49.14        45.65      60.21     48.42
   acarigua     103.95      1000.00   82.63      37.33      46.33        38.64      53.70     47.25
   pts-plant       .009     1000.00   40.00        .009       .009       23.30      25.00       .009

   +          pt-bolivar  callao-f    cuzco  talara  callao-i  bayovar   moron  pta-caiman  caripito
   potosi         70.32     75.40     55.45  77.02     75.40    77.02   75.12       67.48     67.48
   cochabamba     71.10     68.40     47.85  70.02     68.40    70.02   80.94       73.30     73.30
   santa-cruz     83.60     80.90     64.70  82.52     80.90    82.52   93.44       85.80     85.80
   bogota         64.04     66.02   1000.00  66.02     66.02    66.02   73.34       65.48     65.48
   bucaramang     54.45     56.43   1000.00  56.43     56.43    56.43   63.75       55.89     55.89
   armenia        42.33     44.93   1000.00  44.93     44.93    44.93   53.33       44.43     44.43
   cali           36.75     39.43   1000.00  39.45     39.45    39.45   47.85       38.95     38.95
   quito          26.00     46.42   1000.00  46.42     46.42    46.42   58.60       49.70     49.70
   babahoyo       13.20     34.42   1000.00  34.42     34.42    34.42   46.60       37.70     37.70
   machala         3.00     31.82   1000.00  31.82     31.82    31.82   44.00       35.10     35.10
   chiclayo       32.90     21.82   1000.00  19.16     21.82    19.16   44.00       35.10     35.10
   ica            47.81     17.91     49.00  36.73     17.91    36.73   58.91       50.01     50.01
   arequipa       38.75     27.20     24.70  27.67     27.20    27.67   49.85       40.95     40.95
   tingo-mar      69.37     39.47   1000.00  58.29     39.47    58.29   80.47       71.57     71.57
   maturin        39.11     39.11   1000.00  39.11     39.11    39.11   20.86       21.03      7.01
   maracaibo      39.11     39.11    106.02  39.11     39.11    39.11   15.88       17.52     32.01
   calabozo       48.42     48.42   1000.00  48.42     48.42    48.42   11.68       13.08     15.65
   acarigua       47.25     47.25   1000.00  47.25     47.25    47.25   10.51       12.27     24.65
   pts-plant        .009      .009    29.80    .009      .009     .009    .009        .009      .009

   +             tablazo  pts-market
   potosi         67.48        33.00
   cochabamba     73.30        50.50
   santa-cruz     85.80        71.50
   bogota         65.48        32.90
   bucaramang     55.89        23.30
   armenia        44.43        12.30
   cali           38.95         6.90
   quito          49.70        17.60
   babahoyo       37.70         5.60
   machala        35.10         3.00
   chiclayo       35.10         3.10
   ica            50.01        18.00
   arequipa       40.95         8.90
   tingo-mar      71.57        39.50
   maturin        28.74         7.00
   maracaibo       7.01         7.00
   calabozo       23.26        11.70
   acarigua       11.21        10.50
   pts-plant        .009            ;

Table tran(i,i) 'transport cost for interplant shipments (us$ per ton)'
                 palmasola  pto-suarez  potosi  baranquill  cartagena  barrancabr  la-dorada  guayaquil
   pto-suarez        87.22
   potosi            31.25       55.97
   baranquill        89.80      114.56   70.68
   cartagena         89.80      114.56   70.68        5.00
   barrancabr       115.80      137.85   93.97       23.28      26.00
   la-dorada         90.16      141.46   97.58       35.90      35.90       13.06
   guayaquil         88.52      111.32   70.32       31.20      31.20       54.20      56.10
   pt-bolivar        91.52      111.32   70.32       31.14      31.20       54.45      56.10       9.60
   callao-f          85.52      108.62   75.40       33.10      33.10       56.43      56.43      28.80
   cuzco             90.25       92.42   72.10       69.69      69.69       89.98      93.59      63.45
   talara            88.52      110.24   77.02       33.10      33.10       56.43      56.43      29.90
   callao-i          85.52      108.62   75.40       33.10      33.10       56.40      60.00      29.90
   bayovar           75.12      110.24   77.02       33.10      33.10       56.43      56.43      29.90
   moron             67.48      121.16   75.10       40.50      40.50       43.30      57.90      39.70
   pta-caiman        67.48      113.52   67.50       32.60      32.60       45.00      60.22      37.10
   caripito          67.48      113.52   67.48       32.60      32.60       55.48      66.51      39.11
   tablazo           67.48      113.52   67.48       31.60      31.60       38.17      49.51      39.11

   +            pt-bolivar  callao-f  cuzco  talara  callao-i  bayovar  moron  pta-caiman  caripito
   callao-f          28.82
   cuzco             63.45     51.90
   talara            28.82     18.82  52.37
   callao-i          28.82            51.90   18.80
   bayovar           28.82     21.82  52.37   18.80     21.82
   moron             39.70     39.70  77.00   39.70     39.70    39.70
   pta-caiman        32.10     32.10  61.80   32.10     32.10    32.10   7.20
   caripito          32.10     39.11  77.00   39.11     39.11    39.11  20.90       21.03
   tablazo           32.10     39.11  77.00   39.11     39.11    39.11  23.40       17.52     28.74;

mur(i) = trsp("pts-plant",i);

* adjust the raw material transport cost for palmasola because the import/export point for palmasola is not
* the same as it is in the case of all other locations.  palmasola imports from the coast but its market is
* just across the border in argentina.

mur("palmasola") = 60;
mufv(j)          = trsp(j,"pts-market");
muf(i,j)         = trsp(j,i);
mue(i)           = trsp("pts-plant",i);
mui(i,ip)        =(tran(i,ip) + tran(ip,i));
mux(c)           = 1;
mux("phos-acid") = 2;
mux("ammonia")   = 2;

display mur, mue, muf, mui, mufv, mux;

$sTitle Technology Data
Set misc 'miscellanious inputs' / electr, water-pr, water-c, nat-gas, steam, misc, bags /;

Table a(c,p) 'input-output coefficients'
              amm-elec  amm-n-gas  amm-f-oil  nitr-acid  amm-nitr  amm-sulf  urea   ssp    tsp
   nitr-acid                                       1.        -.76
   amm-nitr                                                  1.
   amm-sulf                                                           1.
   urea                                                                      1.
   ssp                                                                             1.0
   tsp                                                                                    1.0
   phos-acid                                                                              -.74
   sulf-acid                                                          -.76         -.38
   ammonia          1.         1.       1.         -.27      -.2      -.265  -.58
   carb-diox                   1.       1.                                   -.58
   electr         -87.
   nat-gas                   -27.
   fuel-oil                             -.84
   phos-rock                                                                         -.7    -.45

   +          phos-acid  sulf-acid   dap  pot-chlor  s-sp   t-sp  dap-g  comp-g  c-20-18-10  c-13-13-20
   urea                                                                   -.283        -.15       -.283
   ssp                                                1.
   tsp                                                      1.            -.293        -.1       -.293
   phos-acid        1.              -.84                    -.74   -.84
   sulf-acid       -1.5      1.                      -.38
   dap                              1.                             1.                  -.17
   pot-chlor                                     1.                       -.334        -.17       -.334
   c-20-18-10                                                                           1.
   c-13-13-20                                                             1.                      1.
   ammonia                          -.23                           -.23                -.15
   phos-rock       -1.8                              -.7  -.45                       -.19
   el-sulfur                  -.33
   brine                                      -150.

   +          c-15-21-10  c-16-12-12  c-08-24-12  c-12-12-12
   nitr-acid        -.15        -.17
   amm-sulf         -.15                   -.053        -.42
   urea                         -.26
   ssp                                     -.34         -.21
   phos-acid        -.2        -.04       -.32
   dap              -.17                                -.17
   pot-chlor        -.17        -.2       -.2         -.2
   c-15-21-10        1.
   c-16-12-12                   1.
   c-08-24-12                              1.
   c-12-12-12                                           1.
   ammonia          -.08                   -.107
   phos-rock        -.2        -.33                         ;

Table b(m,p) 'capacity utilization matrix'
              amm-elec  amm-n-gas  amm-f-oil  nitr-acid  amm-nitr  amm-sulf  urea  ssp  tsp
   amm-elec        1.0
   amm-n-gas                  1.0
   amm-f-oil                             1.0
   nitr-acid                                        1.0
   amm-nitr                                                   1.0
   amm-sulf                                                             1.0
   urea                                                                       1.0
   ssp                                                                             1.0
   tsp                                                                                  1.0

   +          phos-acid  sulf-acid  dap  pot-chlor  s-sp  t-sp  dap-g  comp-g  c-20-18-10  c-13-13-20
   ss-tsp                                            1.0   1.0
   phos-acid        1.0
   sulf-acid                   1.0
   npk                                                                                1.0         1.0
   dap                              1.0
   granulator                                                   1.045     1.0
   pot-chlor                                   1.0

   +          c-15-21-10  c-16-12-12  c-08-24-12  c-12-12-12
   npk               1.0         1.0         1.0         1.0                                         ;

Table am(i,p,misc) 'miscellanious inputs by plant and process'
                           electr  water-pr  water-c  nat-gas  steam  misc  bags
   baranquill.nitr-acid      .7         1.2   180.0              .6     .4
   baranquill.amm-sulf       .18                                 .05    .3  22.0
   baranquill.sulf-acid      .05               15.2              .1     .4
   baranquill.c-15-21-10     .80               17.0       0.5   2.1     .7  22.0
   baranquill.c-16-12-12     .80               17.0       0.5   2.1     .7  22.0
   cartagena.amm-n-gas       9.9        1.0    150.0            6.0     .6
   cartagena.nitr-acid       1.6        1.1    160.0                    .4
   cartagena.urea             .56       2.5    190.0            2.0    1.1  22.0
   cartagena.c-15-21-10       .75               20.0                    .9  22.0
   cartagena.c-16-12-12       .75               20.0                    .9  22.0
   barrancabr.amm-n-gas     10.4        4.2    500.0            4.1    1.6
   barrancabr.nitr-acid      1.74       1.0    170.0                    .5
   barrancabr.urea           2.7        3.2    180.0            1.8    2.6  22.0
   barrancabr.amm-nitr       0.74               34.0      0.6   0.5    2.2  22.0
   guayaquil.phos-acid       4.0        4.0    100.0            2.0    3.0
   guayaquil.ssp              .2                                       1.6  22.0
   guayaquil.sulf-acid        .05               15.2             .1     .4
   guayaquil.c-08-24-12       .3                  .2      0.6    .2    1.8  22.0
   callao-f.amm-f-oil       17.0        4.2     70.0            4.1    1.1
   callao-f.nitr-acid         .2        1.1    160.0                    .4
   callao-f.amm-nitr          .75               35.0            0.5    2.3  22.0
   callao-f.amm-sulf          .13                               0.1    1.0  22.0
   cuzco.amm-elec           15.0         .4     58.0            6.0    2.2
   cuzco.nitr-acid           3.1        1.5    150.0                   0.9
   cuzco.amm-nitr             .8                30.0             .4    2.8  22.0
   talara.amm-n-gas          7.9        2.9    105.0            1.3     .6
   talara.urea                .94       1.0     50.0            1.0    1.1  22.0
   callao-i.ssp               .1                 1.6                   3.6  22.0
   callao-i.c-12-12-12        .33                 .3      1.5    .03   1.8  22.0
   moron.amm-n-gas            .25       1.9    254.0                    .4
   moron.urea                1.63       1.5     56.0            1.1    1.0  22.0
   moron.amm-sulf             .18                                .05   1.8  22.0
   moron.s-sp                 .10                                      1.6  22.0
   moron.t-sp                 .20                 .1                   1.6  22.0
   moron.sulf-acid            .05               15.2             .1     .4
   moron.phos-acid            .95       3.8    123.0            1.5     .6
   moron.nitr-acid           1.24       1.2    168.0             .23    .5
   moron.dap-g                .30                         1.4   0.1    1.6  22.0
   moron.comp-g               .25                4.5       .3   0.1    1.2  22.0
   moron.c-13-13-20           .25                4.5       .3   0.1    1.2  22.0
   moron.c-20-18-10           .25                4.5       .3   0.1    1.2  22.0
   tablazo.amm-n-gas          .22       1.9    254.0                    .4
   tablazo.urea              1.63       1.5     56.0            1.1    1.0  22.0;

* note:
* the inputs for nitr-acid at moron are weighted averages from the other
* nitr-acid plants. the norms for the grannulator at moron are assumed to
* be the same as the compound plant.

$sTitle Operating Costs
Parameter
   oz(g,p,i)      'variable operating cost (us $ per unit level)'
   ocap(m)        'fixed operating cost   (us$ per ton per year)'
   miscost(misc)  'cost of miscellaneous inputs'
                  / electr   2  , water-pr  .3, water-c   .05
                    nat-gas  1.1, steam    3  , misc     1   , bags .28 /;

Table opcost(m,*) 'operating cost for new plants (us$ per ton per year)'
                   capacity    process
   amm-elec            34.5       12.3
   amm-n-gas           34.5       12.3
   amm-f-oil           34.5       12.3
   nitr-acid           10.6        2.2
   amm-nitr             8.4       10.4
   amm-sulf             8.0        0.2
   urea                17.8        8.0
   ssp                  9.3        1.7
   tsp                  9.3        1.7
   ss-tsp               9.3        1.7
   phos-acid           16.8        9.0
   sulf-acid            0.3        2.5
   npk                  6.5        2.9
   dap                  7.7        5.5
   granulator           9.3        1.7
   pot-chlor           13.0       22.0;

Parameter
   oold(p,i) 'operating cost of old plants  (us$ per unit level)'
   onew(p)   'operating cost for new plants (us$ per unit level)';

oold(p,i) = sum(misc, miscost(misc)*am(i,p,misc));
onew(p)   = sum(m, b(m,p)*opcost(m,"process"));

oz("old",p,i) = oold(p,i);
oz("new",p,i) = onew(p);
ocap(m)       = opcost(m,"capacity");

display oold, onew, oz, ocap;

$sTitle Capacity Data
Parameter
   k(m,i,t) 'effective capacity of old plants (1000 tpy)'
   umin(t)  'lower bound on npk plant utilization';

Scalar unew 'utilization rates for new plants' / .85 /;

Table dcap(i,m) 'installed capacity in operation in 1980 (tons per day)'
                 amm-elec  amm-f-oil  amm-n-gas  nitr-acid  amm-nitr
   baranquill                                          230
   cartagena                                340         68
   barrancabr                                65         85       150
   callao-f                       70                   107       140
   cuzco               50                               90       118
   talara                                   300
   moron                                    600         88
   tablazo                                 1800

   +             amm-sulf  urea  ssp  ss-tsp  phos-acid
   baranquill         212
   cartagena                500
   barrancabr                65
   guayaquil                     120                 17
   callao-f            50
   talara                   510
   callao-i                      100
   moron              200   750          300        650
   tablazo                 2400

   +             sulf-acid  granulator  npk
   baranquill          162              850
   cartagena                            425
   guayaquil            80              180
   callao-i                             240
   moron              1200         920  460;

Parameter
   caput(m,i,t) 'capacity utilization for old plants'
   dcapw(*,m)   'nameplate capacity by country (1000 tpy)'
   kw(m,*,t)    'effective capacity by country (1000 tpy)';

umin(t)         = .7;
umin("1981-83") = .6;
umin("1984-86") = .65;
caput(m,i,t)    = .9;
caput(m,i,t)$(wi("peru",i) + wi("venezuela",i)) = .75;

k(m,i,t)                        = .33*caput(m,i,t)*dcap(i,m);
k("amm-sulf","moron","1987-89") = .75*.33*390;
k("amm-sulf","moron","1990-92") = .75*.33*390;

display k, umin, caput;

* computations below are for data analysis only.
dcapw(w,m)        = sum(i$wi(w,i), dcap(i,m));
kw(m,w,t)         = sum(i$wi(w,i), k(m,i,t));
dcapw("region",m) = sum(w, dcapw(w,m));
kw(m,"region",t)  = sum(w, kw(m,w,t));

display caput, k, dcapw, kw;

* comments on installed capacity:
*  the installed capacity for urea at cartagena is assumed to be 500 mt/day.
*  the construction of the plant however is not yet completed.
*  the ss-tsp unit at moron can produce either tsp or ssp at 300 mt/day.
*  the granulator at moron is designed to produce dap at 880 mt/day or
*  npk at 920 mt/day. this particular unit can also be used to granulate
*  powdered tsp from other units at 1400 mt/day.
*  the ammonium sulfate prodution capacity at moron venzuela is assumed
*  to be 390 mt/day for the periods 1987-89 and 1990-92.

$sTitle Prices
Parameter
   pv(c,t)    'import prices cif             (us$ per ton)'
   pe(c,t)    'export prices                 (us$ per ton)'
   pd(i,c)    'domestic raw material prices (us$ per unit)'
   pdlim(i,c) 'domestic raw material limits     (1000 tpy)' / potosi.phos-rock 35 /;

Table pv(c,t)
                1981-83  1984-86  1987-89  1990-92
   el-sulfur      73.3     78.3     80.0     80.0
   phos-rock      57.4     60.3     61.3     61.3
   phos-acid     169.2    193.0    200.0    200.0
   ammonia       119.4    160.1    179.0    179.0
   urea          163.7    186.8    198.0    198.0
   amm-nitr      145.4    165.0    174.0    174.0
   amm-sulf      112.2    120.3    123.0    123.0
   ssp            92.2    101.2    104.2    104.2
   tsp           166.1    187.0    194.2    194.2
   pot-chlor      98.8    103.6    105.2    105.2
   dap           211.4    242.9    254.2    254.2
   c-20-18-10    172.01   191.01   199.01   199.01
   c-13-13-20    149.01   160.01   165.01   165.01
   c-15-21-10    165.01   183.01   190.01   190.01
   c-16-12-12    140.01   154.01   160.01   160.01
   c-08-24-12    154.01   170.01   176.01   176.01
   c-12-12-12    125.01   138.01   143.01   143.01;

pe(ce,t) = .8*pv(ce,t) - 20*mux(ce);
display pv, pe;

Table pd(i,c)
                electr  nat-gas  fuel-oil  phos-rock
   palmasola               1.02
   pto-suarez              1.02
   potosi                                       45.
   cartagena               1.02
   barrancabr              1.02
   la-dorada               1.02                 50.
   pt-bolivar              1.02
   callao-f                         39.00
   cuzco          2.00
   talara                  1.02
   callao-i
   bayovar                 1.02                30.0
   moron                   1.02                49.70
   pta-caiman                                  42.00
   caripito                1.02
   tablazo                 1.02

   +            el-sulfur  sulf-acid  brine
   potosi                      10.0
   callao-f                    40.00
   callao-i                    40.00
   bayovar          40.00               0.2
   moron            45.00
   pta-caiman       45.00                  ;

display pd, pdlim;

$sTitle Investment Data
Set n 'packages' / bol-1, bol-2, col-1, col-2, ecu-1, per-1, per-2, per-3, ven-1, ven-2 /;

Scalar
   nnum  'package exclusivity'                                                 /  1   /
   npack 'minimum number of packages in each country'                          /  0   /
   dpack 'difference in number of packages between countries'                  / na   /
   gamma 'package size multiplier for experiments with flexible package sizes' /  1   /
   rho   'discount rate'                                                       /   .1 /
   life  'life of productive units (years)'                                    / 15   /;


Parameter
   ndef(n,i,m) 'package definitions    (tons per day)'
   nupf(n)     'fixed package cost         (1000 us$)'
   hp(n,i,m)   'effective package size     (1000 tpy): used to model fixed package sizes'
   hb(m)       'maximum plant size         (1000 tpy): used to model variable package sizes'
   nu(m)       'proportional investment (us$ per tpy)'
   delta(t)    'discount factor'
   sigma       'capital recovery factor';

Table invdat(m,*) 'investment data'
                   fixed      prop      limit
*              (mill us$) (us$/tpy) (1000 tpy)
   amm-n-gas        84.7       185        550
   nitr-acid         5.0        43        200
   amm-nitr          5.4        36        200
   amm-sulf          4.7        48        300
   urea             29.4        93        550
   ssp              10.2        35        200
   tsp               9.5        47        400
   dap               8.6        63        300
   npk               8.6        63        800
   pot-chlor        10.2       153        150
   phos-acid        17.4       100        500
   sulf-acid       14.8         58        700;

Parameter ndef / bol-1.palmasola.amm-n-gas     160
                 bol-1.palmasola.urea          250
                 bol-2.potosi.tsp              170
                 bol-2.potosi.phos-acid        125
                 col-1.la-dorada.amm-n-gas    1000
                 col-1.la-dorada.urea         1600
                 col-2.la-dorada.tsp           880
                 col-2.la-dorada.phos-acid     650
                 col-2.la-dorada.sulf-acid     980
                 ecu-1.pt-bolivar.amm-n-gas    435
                 ecu-1.pt-bolivar.urea         750
                 per-1.bayovar.amm-n-gas       651
                 per-1.bayovar.urea            870
                 per-2.bayovar.sulf-acid      2000
                 per-2.bayovar.phos-acid      1334
                 per-2.bayovar.tsp            1076
                 per-2.bayovar.dap             636
                 per-3.bayovar.pot-chlor       303
                 ven-1.pta-caiman.phos-acid    830
                 ven-1.pta-caiman.sulf-acid   1245
                 ven-1.pta-caiman.npk         2272
                 ven-1.pta-caiman.tsp          242
                 ven-1.pta-caiman.dap          561
                 ven-2.caripito.amm-n-gas     1500
                 ven-2.caripito.urea          1030 /;

nupf(n)   = sum((i,m)$ndef(n,i,m), 1000*invdat(m,"fixed"));
hp(n,i,m) = .33*ndef(n,i,m);
hb(m)     = invdat(m,"limit");
nu(m)     = invdat(m,"prop");

Parameter
   nup(n)     'package cost         (1000 us$)'
   pop(n)     'fixed operating cost (1000 us$)'
   midyear(t) 'of each period';

nup(n) = sum((i,m)$ndef(n,i,m), 1000*invdat(m,"fixed") + .33*invdat(m,"prop")*ndef(n,i,m));
pop(n) = sum((i,m)$ndef(n,i,m), .33*opcost(m,"capacity")*ndef(n,i,m));

sigma      = rho*(1 + rho)**life/((1 + rho)**life - 1);
midyear(t) = 1979 + 3*ord(t);
delta(t)   = (1 + rho)**(1981 - midyear(t)) + (1 + rho)**(1982 - midyear(t)) + (1 + rho)**(1983 - midyear(t));

display nupf, hp, hb, nu, delta, rho, life, sigma, pop, nup, midyear;

$sTitle Mappings and Model Reduction Possibilities
Set
   nmap(n,i) 'map of packages to locations'
   wn(w,n)   'map of countries to packages'
   cfv(cf)   'imported final products other than compounds'
   old(g)    'old vintage plants' / old /
   new(g)    'new vintage plants' / new /
   mc(c,i,j) 'marketing possibilities';

nmap(n,i)  = yes$sum(m, ndef(n,i,m));
wn(w,n)    = yes$sum((m,i)$wi(w,i), ndef(n,i,m));
cfv(cf)    = cv(cf) - co(cf);
mc(cf,i,j) = yes;
mc(co,i,j)$(not cores(co,i,j)) = no;

display nmap, wn, cfv, mc;

Scalar
   tariffvi  'tariff on imported intermediate goods' / .15 /
   tariffvf  'tariff on imported final goods'        / .1  /;

Parameter
   ple(w,wp) 'matrix for comparing package phasing in countries'
   ts(t,tp)  'time summation matrix'
   lam(i)    'maximum export capability of individual plants';

ple(w,wp)$(ord(w) <> ord(wp)) = 1;
ts(t,tp) $(ord(t) >= ord(tp)) = 1;

lam(i)           = .3;
lam("tablazo")   = .7;
lam("palmasola") = .7;

display ple, ts, lam;

* process/reduction possibilities: step 1: define all possibilities
Set
   mpos(g,m,i) 'unit possibility'
   ppos(g,*,i) 'process possibility'
   cposm(c,i)  'consumption possibility'
   cposp(c,i)  'production possibility'
   hpos(m,i)   'unit expansion possibility'
   nfix(m,i)   'fixed package expansions';

mpos(g,m,i) = yes;
ppos(g,p,i) = yes;
cposm(c,i)  = yes;
cposp(c,i)  = yes;
hpos(m,i)   = yes;
nfix(m,i)   = yes;

$sTitle Capacity Analysis
Parameter
   ax(c,p,i)  'reduced i-o matrix for nutrient potential'
   kx(m,i)    'effective capacity'
   weight(cq) 'nutrient weights' / n 100, p2o5 10, k2o 1 /
   nutxx(c)   'nutrient weight for products'
   xrep(*,cq) 'maximum nutrient shipments (1000 tpy)';

Set
   pposx(*,i)  'plant possibilities'
   cposxp(c,i) 'commodity output possibilities';

ax(c,p,i)   = a(c,p);
ax(c,p,i)$((a(c,p) < 0) and (1$cv(c) or pd(i,c))) = 0;
nutxx(cf)   = sum(cq, weight(cq)*alpha(cf,cq));
kx(m,i)     = 1;
pposx(p,i)  = yes;
cposxp(c,i) = yes;

display ax, nutxx;

Variable
   zx(p,i)  'process level            (1000 tpy)'
   xx(c,i)  'output of final products (1000 tpy)'
   nut      'total nutrient value     (1000 tpy)';

Positive Variable zx, xx;

Equation
   mbx(c,i) 'material balance         (1000 tpy)'
   ccx(m,i) 'capacity constraint      (1000 tpy)'
   dnut     'nutrient definition';

mbx(c,i).. sum(p$pposx(p,i), ax(c,p,i)*zx(p,i)) =g= xx(c,i)$(cposxp(c,i)*cf(c));

ccx(m,i).. sum(p$pposx(p,i), b(m,p)*zx(p,i))    =l= kx(m,i);

dnut..     nut =e= sum((c,i)$(cposxp(c,i)*cf(c)), nutxx(c)*xx(c,i)) - .1*sum((p,i)$pposx(p,i), zx(p,i));

Model capcheck / mbx, ccx, dnut /;

* define initial capacity values and reduction possibilities for period 1981-83
kx(m,i)     = k(m,i,"1981-83");
pposx(p,i)  = yes$(sum(m$(not kx(m,i)), b(m,p) <> 0) = 0);
pposx(co,i)$sum(w$wi(w,i), not wnpk(w,co)) = no;
cposxp(c,i) = yes$sum(p$pposx(p,i), ax(c,p,i) > 0);

display "maximum nutrient output for n, p and k", "year 1981-83";

solve capcheck maximizing nut using lp;

* define report of shipments for 1981-83 solution
xrep(w,cq)        = sum((cf,i)$wi(w,i), alpha(cf,cq)*xx.l(cf,i));
xrep("region",cq) = sum(w, xrep(w,cq));
display xx.l, xrep;

* define initial capacity values and reduction possibilities for period 1990-92 without capacity expansion
kx(m,i)     = k(m,i,"1990-92");
pposx(p,i)  = yes$(sum(m$(not kx(m,i)), b(m,p) <> 0) = 0);
pposx(co,i)$sum(w$wi(w,i), not wnpk(w,co)) = no;
cposxp(c,i) = yes$sum(p$pposx(p,i), ax(c,p,i) > 0);

display "maximum nutrient output for n, p and k", "year 1990-92 no capacity expansion";

solve capcheck maximizing nut using lp;

* define report of shipments for 1990-92 solution without capacity expansion
xrep(w,cq)        = sum((cf,i)$wi(w,i), alpha(cf,cq)*xx.l(cf,i));
xrep("region",cq) = sum(w, xrep(w,cq));
display xx.l, xrep;

* define initial capacity values and reduction possibilities for period 1990-92 with all packages
kx(m,i)     = k(m,i,"1990-92") + sum(n, hp(n,i,m));
pposx(p,i)  = yes$(sum(m$(not kx(m,i)), b(m,p) <> 0) = 0);
pposx(co,i)$sum(w$wi(w,i), not wnpk(w,co)) = no;
cposxp(c,i) = yes$sum(p$pposx(p,i), ax(c,p,i) > 0);

display "maximum nutrient output for n, p and k", "year 1990-92 and all packages";

solve capcheck maximizing nut using lp;

* define report of shipments for 1990-92 solution with all packages
xrep(w,cq)        = sum((cf,i)$wi(w,i), alpha(cf,cq)*xx.l(cf,i));
xrep("region",cq) = sum(w, xrep(w,cq));
display xx.l, xrep;

$sTitle Reduction and Data Analysis
* reduction procedure: step 2:
mpos("old",m,i) = yes$sum(t, k(m,i,t));
mpos("new",m,i) = yes$sum(n, ndef(n,i,m));
ppos(g,p,i)     = yes$(sum(m$( not mpos(g,m,i)), b(m,p) <> 0) = 0);
ppos(g,co,i)$sum(w$wi(w,i), not wnpk(w,co)) = no;

cposm(c,i) = yes$sum((g,p)$ppos(g,p,i), a(c,p) < 0);
cposp(c,i) = yes$sum((g,p)$ppos(g,p,i), a(c,p) > 0);
hpos(m,i)  = mpos("new",m,i);
nfix(m,i)  = hpos(m,i);

* in the section below we analyse the transport cost for the cases where it is cheaper
* for one location to export a product and for another location to import the same product
* instead of simply intra-shipping between themselves.

Parameter
   eviip(i,ip,cis,t)  'international trade advantage                   (us$ per ton)'
   evij(i,j,cf,t)     'international trade advantage                   (us$ per ton)'
   reviip(i,ip,cis,t) 'international trade advantage - with reductions (us$ per ton)'
   revij(i,j,cf,t)    'international trade advantage - with reductions (us$ per ton)';

eviip(i,ip,cis,t)$(cv(cis)*ce(cis)) = max(0, mux(cis)*(mui(i,ip) - mur(ip) - mue(i)) - (tariffvi + 1)*pv(cis,t) + pe(cis,t));
evij(i,j,cf,t)$(cv(cf)*ce(cf))      = max(0, mux(cf)*(muf(i,j)   - mufv(j) - mue(i)) - (tariffvf + 1)*pv(cf,t)  + pe(cf,t));

display eviip, evij;

reviip(i,ip,cis,t) = eviip(i,ip,cis,t)$(cposp(cis,i)*cposm(cis,ip));
revij(i,j,cf,t)    = evij(i,j,cf,t)$cposp(cf,i);

display reviip, revij;

$sTitle Model Definition
Variable
   z(g,p,i,t)    'process level                              (1000 units per year)'
   xf(c,i,j,t)   'domestic shipment activity: final products            (1000 tpy)'
   xi(c,i,ip,t)  'domestic shipment activity: interplant                (1000 tpy)'
   vf(cf,j,t)    'imports: final products                               (1000 tpy)'
   tvf(w,t)      'value of imports: final products             (mill us$ per year)'
   vi(c,i,t)     'imports of: intermediates and raw materials           (1000 tpy)'
   tvi(w,t)      'value of imports: intermediates              (mill us$ per year)'
   e(c,i,t)      'exports                                               (1000 tpy)'
   u(c,i,t)      'domestic material purchases                           (1000 tpy)'
   h(m,i,te)     'capacity expansion                                    (1000 tpy)'
   yp(n,te)      'package decision variable                               (binary)'
   yw(w,te)      'package decision variable by country'
   phik(w,t)     'capital cost                                 (mill us$ per year)'
   phip(w,t)     'operating cost                               (mill us$ per year)'
   phig(w,t)     'domestic materials cost                      (mill us$ per year)'
   phiw(w,t)     'working capital cost                         (mill us$ per year)'
   phim(w,t)     'import cost                                  (mill us$ per year)'
   phit(w,t)     'tariffs                                      (mill us$ per year)'
   phil(w,t)     'transport cost                               (mill us$ per year)'
   phie(w,t)     'export revenue                               (mill us$ per year)'
   phi(w,t)      'cost per year                                (mill us$ per year)'
   phitot        'discounted total cost                      (mill us$ discounted)';

Positive Variable z, xf, vf, vi, e, u, h, xi;
Binary   Variable yp;

Equation
   mbd(cq,j,t)   'material balance on demand                            (1000 tpy)'
   mba(j,t)      'ammonium sulfate requirements                         (1000 tpy)'
   mb(c,i,t)     'material balance at plants                            (1000 tpy)'
   ubnd(c,i,t)   'bounds on local materials                             (1000 tpy)'
   atvf(w,t)     'definition of import value: finals products  (mill us$ per year)'
   atvi(w,t)     'definition of import value: intermediates    (mill us$ per year)'
   elim(c,i,t)   'export limits                                         (1000 tpy)'
   cc(g,m,i,t)   'capacity constraints                                  (1000 tpy)'
   ccmin(i,t)    'minimum npk utilization                               (1000 tpy)'
   binv(m,i,te)  'binary constraint: variable plant size                (1000 tpy)'
   binf(m,i,te)  'binary constraint: fixed plant size                   (1000 tpy)'
   minpack(w)    'minimum number of packages per country'
   bw(w,te)      'aggregation of packages in country'
   gple(w,wp,te) 'inter-country constraint on package - inequality'
   ex(n)         'package mutual exclusivity                               (units)'
   acc(w,t)      'accounting: capital cost                     (mill us$ per year)'
   acp(w,t)      'accounting: operating cost                   (mill us$ per year)'
   acg(w,t)      'accounting: domestic materials               (mill us$ per year)'
   acw(w,t)      'accounting: working capital                  (mill us$ per year)'
   acm(w,t)      'accounting: import cost                      (mill us$ per year)'
   act(w,t)      'accounting: tariffs                          (mill us$ per year)'
   acl(w,t)      'accounting: transport cost                   (mill us$ per year)'
   ace(w,t)      'accounting: export revenue                   (mill us$ per year)'
   ac(w,t)       'accounting: total annual undiscounted cost   (mill us$ per year)'
   obj           'accounting: total discounted cost                     (mill us$)';

mbd(cq,j,t)..
   sum(cf, alpha(cf,cq)*(sum(i$(mc(cf,i,j)*cposp(cf,i)), xf(cf,i,j,t)) + vf(cf,j,t)$cfv(cf))) =g= d(j,cq,t);

mba(j,t)..
   sum(i$cposp("amm-sulf",i), xf("amm-sulf",i,j,t)) + vf("amm-sulf",j,t) =g= db(j,t);

mb(c,i,t)..
       sum((g,p)$ppos(g,p,i), a(c,p)*z(g,p,i,t)) + ( vi(c,i,t)$cv(c) + u(c,i,t)$pd(i,c)
    +  sum(ip$cposp(c,ip), xi(c,ip,i,t))$cis(c))$cposm(c,i)
   =g=(sum(ip$cposm(c,ip), xi(c,i,ip,t))$cis(c) + e(c,i,t)$ce(c)
    +  sum(j$mc(c,i,j), xf(c,i,j,t)))$cposp(c,i);

ubnd(cr,i,t)$(cposm(cr,i)$pdlim(i,cr)).. u(cr,i,t) =l= pdlim(i,cr);

elim(ce,i,t)$cposp(ce,i)..
   e(ce,i,t) =l= lam(i)*sum((g,p)$((a(ce,p) > 0)$ppos(g,p,i)), a(ce,p)*z(g,p,i,t));

cc(g,m,i,t)$mpos(g,m,i)..
   sum(p$ppos(g,p,i), b(m,p)*z(g,p,i,t)) =l= k(m,i,t)$old(g) + sum(te$ts(t,te), unew*h(m,i,te))$new(g);

ccmin(i,t)$k("npk",i,t)..
   sum(p$ppos("old",p,i), b("npk",p)*z("old",p,i,t)) =g= umin(t)*k("npk",i,t);

binv(m,i,te)$hpos(m,i).. h(m,i,te) =l= gamma*sum(n$ndef(n,i,m), hb(m)*yp(n,te));

binf(m,i,te)$nfix(m,i).. h(m,i,te) =e= sum(n$ndef(n,i,m), hp(n,i,m)*yp(n,te));

minpack(w).. sum((n,te)$wn(w,n), yp(n,te)) =g= npack;

bw(w,te)..   yw(w,te) =e= sum(n$wn(w,n), yp(n,te));

gple(w,wp,te)$ple(w,wp).. yw(w,te) - yw(wp,te) =l= dpack;

ex(n).. sum(te, yp(n,te)) =l= nnum;

acc(w,t)..
   phik(w,t) =e= sigma*sum(te$ts(t,te), sum((m,i)$(wi(w,i)*mpos("new",m,i)), nu(m)*h(m,i,te))
                                      + sum(n$wn(w,n), nupf(n)*yp(n,te)))/1000;

acp(w,t)..
   phip(w,t) =e= sum(i$wi(w,i), sum((g,p)$ppos(g,p,i), oz(g,p,i)*z(g,p,i,t))
                              + sum((m,te)$(ts(t,te)$hpos(m,i)),ocap(m)*h(m,i,te)))/1000;

acg(w,t)..
   phig(w,t) =e= sum((cr,i)$(wi(w,i)*cposm(cr,i)$pd(i,cr)), pd(i,cr)*u(cr,i,t))/1000;

acw(w,t)..
   phiw(w,t) =e= .025*( phip(w,t)+phig(w,t)
              +  sum((cv,i)$(wi(w,i)*cposm(cv,i)), (pv(cv,t) + mux(cv)*mur(i))*vi(cv,i,t)))/1000;

acm(w,t)..   phim(w,t) =e= tvi(w,t) + tvf(w,t);

act(w,t)..   phit(w,t) =e= tariffvi*tvi(w,t) + tariffvf*tvf(w,t);

atvf(w,t)..  tvf(w,t)  =e= sum((cfv,j)$wj(w,j), pv(cfv,t)*vf(cfv,j,t))/1000;

atvi(w,t)..  tvi(w,t)  =e= sum((cv,i)$(wi(w,i)$cposm(cv,i)), pv(cv,t)*vi(cv,i,t))/1000;

acl(w,t)..
   phil(w,t) =e= (sum((cf,j)$wj(w,j), sum(i$(mc(cf,i,j)*cposp(cf,i)), muf(i,j)*xf(cf,i,j,t)) + mufv(j)*vf(cf,j,t)$cfv(cf))
              +   sum(i$wi(w,i), sum(ce$cposp(ce,i), mux(ce)*mue(i)*e(ce,i,t)) + sum(cv$cposm(cv,i), mux(cv)*mur(i)*vi(cv,i,t))
              +   sum((cis,ip)$(cposm(cis,ip)*cposp(cis,i)), mux(cis)*mui(i,ip)*xi(cis,i,ip,t))))/1000;

ace(w,t).. phie(w,t) =e= sum((ce,i)$(wi(w,i)*cposp(ce,i)), pe(ce,t)*e(ce,i,t))/1000;

ac(w,t)..  phi(w,t)  =e= phik(w,t) + phip(w,t) + phig(w,t) + phiw(w,t) + phim(w,t) + phil(w,t) - phie(w,t);

obj..      phitot    =e= sum((w,t), delta(t)*phi(w,t));

Model andean1 / mbd , mba    , mb , ubnd , atvf
                atvi, elim   , cc , ccmin, binv
                binf, minpack, bw , gple , ex
                acc , acp    , acg, acw  , acm
                act , acl    , ace, ac   , obj  /;

dpack = 1;

solve andean1 minimizing phitot using mip;

$sTitle Report
Set
   label       / capital  , oper+w-cap, material, intra   , imports
                 transport, total-cost, exports , net-cost, balance /
   lab1(label) / capital, oper+w-cap, material, imports, transport  /
   wim         / bolivia, colombia, ecuador, peru, venezuela, extra /
   cap         / ecap, slack, utilize /;

Alias (wim,wex);

Parameter
   flowf     'final product flow                                   (1000 tpy)'
   flowi     'intermediate and raw material flow                   (1000 tpy)'
   cifcif    'value flows - valued at import prices       (mill us$ per year)'
   tradecost 'trade flow advantage at fob cost            (mill us$ per year)'
   arep      'capacity reporting: by plant                         (1000 tpy)'
   brep      'capacity reporting: by country                       (1000 tpy)'
   aut       'capacity utilization by plant and unit'
   but       'capacity utilization by unit'
   cut       'capacity utilization by plant'
   dut       'capacity utilization by country'
   regcost   'regional cost components                    (mill us$ per year)'
   regtrade  'regional trade                              (mill us$ per year)'
   regbal    'regional trade balance                      (mill us$ per year)'
   phicr     'total undiscounted cost with corrected regional trade at cifcif';

* compute values of the various product flows:
flowf(w,wp,cf,t)          = sum((i,j)$(wi(w,i)*wj(wp,j)), xf.l(cf,i,j,t));
flowf("extra",wp,cf,t)    = sum(j$wj(wp,j), vf.l(cf,j,t));
flowf(w,"extra",cf,t)     = sum(i$wi(w,i), e.l(cf,i,t));
flowf(wim,wex,"final",t)  = sum(cf, flowf(wim,wex,cf,t));

flowi(w,wp,cis,t)         = sum((i,ip)$(wi(w,i)*wi(wp,ip)), xi.l(cis,i,ip,t));
flowi("extra",wp,cv,t)    = sum(ip$wi(wp,ip), vi.l(cv,ip,t));
flowi(w,"extra",ce,t)$(not cf(ce)) = sum(i$wi(w,i), e.l(ce,i,t));
flowi(wim,wex,"interm",t) = sum(c, flowi(wim,wex,c,t));

* convert the flow values above to cifcif prices by using import prices.  and then compute the
* the intra-regional trade and net of intra-regional and extra-regional.
cifcif(wim,wex,t)     = sum(c, pv(c,t)*(flowf(wim,wex,c,t) + flowi(wim,wex,c,t)))/1000;
cifcif("intra",w,t)   = sum(wp$(ord(w) <> ord(wp)), cifcif(wp,w,t));
cifcif(w,"intra",t)   = sum(wp$(ord(w) <> ord(wp)), cifcif(w,wp,t));
cifcif(w,"total",t)   = cifcif(w,"intra",t) + cifcif(w,"extra",t);
cifcif("total",w,t)   = cifcif("extra",w,t) + cifcif("intra",w,t);
cifcif(w,"balance",t) = cifcif(w,"total",t) - cifcif("total",w,t);

* display flowf, flowi, cifcif;

* compute individual country and regional trade flows at fob cost.
tradecost(wex,"extra-imp",t) = cifcif("extra",wex,t);
tradecost(wex,"intra-imp",t) = cifcif("intra",wex,t);
tradecost(wex,"total-imp",t) = tradecost(wex,"extra-imp",t) + tradecost(wex,"intra-imp",t);
tradecost(wex,"extra-exp",t) = sum(c, pe(c,t)*(flowf(wex,"extra",c,t) + flowi(wex,"extra",c,t)))/1000;
tradecost(wex,"intra-exp",t) = cifcif(wex,"intra",t);
tradecost(wex,"total-exp",t) = tradecost(wex,"extra-exp",t) + tradecost(wex,"intra-exp",t);
tradecost(wex,"balance",t)   = tradecost(wex,"total-exp",t) - tradecost(wex,"total-imp",t) ;
* display tradecost;

* compute the effective total capacities, slack and utilization rates.
arep(i,m,t,"ecap")    = k(m,i,t) + sum(te$ts(t,te), unew*h.l(m,i,te));
arep(i,m,t,"slack")   = sum(g, cc.up(g,m,i,t) - cc.l(g,m,i,t));
arep(i,m,t,"utilize")$(arep(i,m,t,"ecap") <> 0) = (arep(i,m,t,"ecap") - arep(i,m,t,"slack"))/arep(i,m,t,"ecap");
arep(i,"total",t,cap) = sum(m, arep(i,m,t,cap));
arep("total",m,t,cap) = sum(i, arep(i,m,t,cap));

arep(i,"total",t,"utilize")$(arep(i,"total",t,"ecap") <> 0) = (arep(i,"total",t,"ecap") - arep(i,"total",t,"slack"))/
                                                               arep(i,"total",t,"ecap");
arep("total",m,t,"utilize")$(arep("total",m,t,"ecap") <> 0) = (arep("total",m,t,"ecap") - arep("total",m,t,"slack"))/
                                                               arep("total",m,t,"ecap");

brep(w,m,t,cap) = sum(i$wi(w,i), arep(i,m,t,cap));
brep(w,m,t,"utilize")$(brep(w,m,t,"ecap") <> 0) = (brep(w,m,t,"ecap") - brep(w,m,t,"slack"))/brep(w,m,t,"ecap");
brep("total",m,t,cap) = arep("total",m,t,cap);
brep(w,"total",t,cap) = sum(m, brep(w,m,t,cap));
brep(w,"total",t,"utilize")$(brep(w,"total",t,"ecap") <> 0) = (brep(w,"total",t,"ecap") - brep(w,"total",t,"slack"))/
                                                               brep(w,"total",t,"ecap");

* report just the utilization rates at various aggregation levels
aut(i,m,t)       = arep(i,m,t,"utilize");
aut(i,"total",t) = arep(i,"total",t,"utilize");
aut("total",m,t) = arep("total",m,t,"utilize");

but(m,t) = aut("total",m,t);
cut(i,t) = aut(i,"total",t);
dut(w,t) = brep(w,"total",t,"utilize");

regcost("capital",t)    = sum(w, phik.l(w,t));
regcost("oper+w-cap",t) = sum(w, phip.l(w,t) + phiw.l(w,t));
regcost("material",t)   = sum(w, phig.l(w,t));
regcost("imports",t)    = sum(w, phim.l(w,t));
regcost("transport",t)  = sum(w, phil.l(w,t));
regcost("total-cost",t) = sum(lab1, regcost(lab1,t));
regcost("exports",t)    = sum(w, phie.l(w,t));
regcost("net-cost",t)   = regcost("total-cost",t) - regcost("exports",t);

regcost(label,"all-years") = 3*sum(t, regcost(label,t));

regtrade("intra",t)   = sum(w, cifcif(w,"intra",t));
regtrade("imports",t) = regcost("imports",t);
regtrade("exports",t) = regcost("exports",t);
regtrade("balance",t) = regtrade("imports",t) - regtrade("exports",t);
regtrade(label,"all-years") = 3*sum(t, regtrade(label,t));

regbal(w,"reg-export",t) = cifcif(w,"intra",t);
regbal(w,"reg-import",t) = cifcif("intra",w,t);
regbal(w,"reg-bal",t)    = regbal(w,"reg-export",t) - regbal(w,"reg-import",t);

phicr(w,t) = phi.l(w,t) - regbal(w,"reg-bal",t);

display phi.l, phicr, regbal;
display phitot.l, phip.l, phig.l, phiw.l, phim.l, phit.l, phil.l, phie.l, phi.l;
display regcost, regtrade, dut, cut, but, cifcif, tradecost, flowf, flowi, arep, brep, aut;
display vf.l, vi.l, u.l, e.l, tvf.l, tvi.l, yp.l, h.l;