glider.gms : Hang glider COPS 2.0 #11

Description

Maximize the final horizontal position of a thermal updraft.

This model is from the COPS benchmarking suite.
See http://www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/~more/cops/.

The number of discretization points can be specified using the GAMS
user1 parameter. COPS performance tests have been reported for nh =
50, 100, 200, 400


Large Model of Type : NLP


Category : GAMS Model library


Main file : glider.gms

$title Hang Glider COPS 2.0 #11 (GLIDER,SEQ=239)

$onText
Maximize the final horizontal position of a thermal updraft.

This model is from the COPS benchmarking suite.
See http://www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/~more/cops/.

The number of discretization points can be specified using the GAMS
user1 parameter. COPS performance tests have been reported for nh =
50, 100, 200, 400


Dolan, E D, and More, J J, Benchmarking Optimization
Software with COPS. Tech. rep., Mathematics and Computer
Science Division, 2000.

Bulirsch, R, Nerz, E, Pesch, H J, and von Stryk, O,
Combining Direct and Indirect Methods in Nonlinear Optimal
Control: Range Maximization of a Hang Glider. In Bulirsch,
R, Miele, A, Stoer, J, and Well, K H, Eds, Optimal Control.
Birkhauser Verlag, 1993, pp. 273-288.

Keywords: nonlinear programming, engineering, hang glider, trajectory optimization
          optimal control
$offText

$if not set nh $set nh 50

Set
   c 'coordinates' / x 'distance', y 'altitude' /
   h 'intervals'   / h0*h%nh% /;

Scalar
   nh     'number of intervals in mesh' / %nh% /
   cL_min 'bound on control variable'   /  0.0 /
   cL_max 'bound on control variable'   /  1.4 /
   u_c     / 2.5      /
   r_0     / 100      /
   m       / 100      /
   g       / 9.81     /
   c0      / 0.034    /
   c1      / 0.069662 /
   S       / 14       /
   rho     / 1.13     /;

Parameter
   c_0(c) 'initial position' / x 0, y 1000 /
   v_0(c) 'initial velocity' / x 13.23, y -1.288 /
   c_f(c) 'final position'   / y 900             /
   v_f(c) 'final velocity'   / x 13.23, y -1.288 /;

Variable
   t_f
   pos(c,h)   'position x distance y altitude'
   vel(c,h)   'velocity x distance y altitude'
   cl(h)      'control variables'
   r(h)       'the r function'
   u(h)       'the u function'
   w(h)       'the w function'
   v(h)       'the v function'
   D(h)       'the D function'
   L(h)       'the L function'
   v_dot(c,h)
   final_x
   step       'step size';

Positive Variable step;

Equation
   tf_eqn
   rdef(h)
   udef(h)
   wdef(h)
   vdef(h)
   Ddef(h)
   Ldef(h)
   vx_dot_def(h)
   vy_dot_def(h)
   obj
   pos_eqn(c,h)
   vel_eqn(c,h);

Alias (h,i);

tf_eqn..  t_f  =e= step*nh;

rdef(i).. r[i] =e= sqr(pos['x',i]/r_0 - 2.5);
udef(i).. u[i] =e= u_c*(1 - r[i])*exp(-r[i]);

wdef(i).. w[i] =e=          vel['y',i]  -     u[i];
vdef(i).. v[i] =e= sqrt(sqr(vel['x',i]) + sqr(w[i]));

Ddef(i).. D[i] =e= .5*(c0 + c1*sqr(cL[i]))*rho*S*sqr(v[i]);
Ldef(i).. L[i] =e= .5*             cL[i]  *rho*S*sqr(v[i]);

vx_dot_def(i).. v_dot['x',i] =e= (-L[i]*w[i]/v[i] - D[i]*vel['x',i]/v[i])/m;
vy_dot_def(i).. v_dot['y',i] =e= ( L[i]*vel['x',i]/v[i] - D[i]*w[i]/v[i])/m - g;

obj.. final_x =e= pos('x','h%nh%');

pos_eqn(c,i-1).. pos[c,i] =e= pos[c,i-1] + .5*step*(vel[c,i]   + vel[c,i-1]);

vel_eqn(c,i-1).. vel[c,i] =e= vel[c,i-1] + .5*step*(v_dot[c,i] + v_dot[c,i-1]);

cl.lo(h)      = cL_min;
cl.up(h)      = cL_max;
pos.lo('x',h) = 0;
vel.lo('x',h) = 0;
v.lo(h)       = 0.01;

* Boundary Conditions
pos.fx(c,'h0')      = c_0(c);
pos.fx('y','h%nh%') = c_f('y');
vel.fx(c,'h0')      = v_0(c);
vel.fx(c,'h%nh%')   = v_f(c);

* initial point
pos.l('x',h) = c_0('x') + v_0('x')*((ord(h) - 1)/nh);
pos.l('y',h) = c_0('y') + ((ord(h) - 1)/nh)*(c_f('y') - c_0('y'));
vel.l(c,h)   = v_0(c);
cL.l(h)      = cL_max/2;
step.l       = 1.0/nh;

* Initial values for intermediate variables
t_f.l  = step.l*nh;
r.l[i] = sqr(pos.l['x',i]/r_0 - 2.5);
u.l[i] = u_c*(1 - r.l[i])*exp(-r.l[i]);
w.l[i] = vel.l['y',i]  -     u.l[i];
v.l[i] = sqrt(sqr(vel.l['x',i]) + sqr(w.l[i]));
D.l[i] = .5*(c0 + c1*sqr(cL.l[i]))*rho*S*sqr(v.l[i]);
L.l[i] = .5*             cL.l[i]  *rho*S*sqr(v.l[i]);
v_dot.l['x',i] = (-L.l[i]*w.l[i]/v.l[i] - D.l[i]*vel.l['x',i]/v.l[i])/m;
v_dot.l['y',i] = ( L.l[i]*vel.l['x',i]/v.l[i] - D.l[i]*w.l[i]/v.l[i])/m - g;

Model glider / all /;

glider.workSpace = 5;

solve glider maximizing final_x using nlp;